AND THE ALPS OF CENTRAL EUROPE. 59 



Directions of Yar. (a.) size : oO-70mm. 



(b.) V. light apex up.s. f.w. in 1st l)i-oo(], 

 known as: 



var. Chariclea, stji/i. .• which has also un.s. h.w, deeper in j>t(L col., 

 and powdered, often thickly, with dk. scales ; my most mai'ked 

 examples are from ^Martigny. 



(c.) a spot on f.w. up.s. in J . 



ab. Nigronotata. ■idc/inntdtf. 



P. Rapae, /-. .• 45nim. Fd. pit. Cnu-lfenr, also 

 mignonette and other low plants. 

 2 with blk. dash (in addition to the spots), inn. marg. up.s. 

 f.w. 



Dist. Char, small size, without markings un.s. h.w. 



Loc. C. everywhere, from iii. e. to ix. e. in the plains, emergence 

 taking place later as altitude increases, and only one brood being 

 found in the mtns. Occasionally met with even up to the snow- 

 line (Firi/) ; m.y earliest date is Veytaux, iii. 15/9i). 



Directions of Yar. (a.) size : 87mm. -58mm. ; the smallest are 

 known as : 



ab. Minor, Custa .• 87mm. -B9mm, 



(b.) It. apex up.s. f.w. in spring brood : 

 var. Metra, Stpli. (Similis, Kmulih-otlski .• Debilis, Jl/i/u'rak;/) ; with 



spots also It. 

 ab. Leucotera, StrfamUi : apex without blk., the spots small 



and gr. 

 ab. (var.) Immaculata, ^ '"r/.v/v// (Alba, Srrli,,hl) : (piite wnthout 

 markings. 



(c.) increase of size of Idk. spots, culmi- 

 nating in : 

 var. Messanensis, y.U. . a summer form. (The summer brood at 

 Mai'tigny is v. close to this.) 



(d.) un.s. h.w. dull yell, with blk. powdt>ring. 

 ab. (var.) Mannii, Maifr .• un.s. with blk. spots showing through, 

 apex lighter yell. 

 [Obs. — This is described us u suniiiiei' toriii, vi.-vii.. but 1 have taken it at 

 Vernayaz, iv. 30/02, cf ; and Sierre, v. 7/02, ? . ] 



(e.) deeper shade of yell, in $ , culminating in: 

 ab. ? Novangliae, Vr'((/f/r/ ; a closely approximating form occurs 

 in Switz., i-.ii., Sepey, v. 2() 0'2 : ^Martigny, vi. 8/02 (h'i.s.). 



P. Napi, L. : 45mm. Fd. pit. Cardiunlur /initrnsis and 

 other low plants, esp. ' "incifcni . 

 S with not more than 1, J with 2 or 3 dk. spots up.s. f.w. 



