70 THE BUTTERFLIES OF SWITZERLAND 



mounting occasionally even above (SOOOft., c;/., on the Riffel- 

 berg. v.-x. 



Directions of Yar. (a.) size: exceptionally fi-om 82mm. to 52mm. 



(All.). 

 (b.) diminution of spots in $ culminating in: 



ab. Obsoleta, I'utt : in which they are absent. 



[Obs. — Surelj" one would be justified in including under this ab. those <? s 

 wh. are quite without jell, rays in the border.] 



(c.) depth of col. of bordei-. 



ab. Brunnea, I utt .- in wh. the blk. is replaced by brn. 



(d.) less depth of grd. col., esp. in J . 



ab. Helicina, obtli. (Chrysotheme, Stpli. : Aubuissoni, Carailja); 

 wh. has grd. col. of a paler or. 

 fObs. — The name Clinjuotheme, Stjih., must be regarded as a nomen pre- 

 occupatum (v. aiipra), and Auhinsgoni, Caradja (Iris, vi., 1893), must fall before 

 Helicina, Obth. (Bulletin de la Societie Francaise, 1880), unless the latter is held 

 to represent a further shade between this ab. and ab. Helice, in wh. case 

 Caradja's name must hold good.] 



This form occurs in both S and 2 • 



ab. ? Helice, ///'. (Euiopome, Stph.); "pale lemon or creamy- 

 yell." (Tiitt). 

 Log. Like other abs. with the type; e.;/., Sierre, viii. 18/99; 



Branson, vii. 19, 1900 ; vii. 8/02 ; Follaterre, vi. 4/02 ; Aigle, viii. 



23, 1900 (If'A.); Steinenalp, vii. 9/02 {Sheldon); Weissenburg 



Gresy-sur-Aix, vii. m. 1900 {I utt), &c. 

 ab. ? Pallida, Tutt : " wh. or creamy-wh." [Tutt). 



(e.) size and shape of disc, spots f. and h.w. 



Genus, Gonopteryx, JjutrJi (Rliodocera, llsdr.). 

 Prevailing col. yell. 

 Dist. Char, a small, sharply angled projection in outline of each w . 



G. Rhamni, /.. ; 58miii. Yd. pit. Jlluiiinms cuilKirtlcus, 



I!. Franipila : in mtns. /.'. I'liinila: hyb. im. 



S brt. canary yell., ? greenish wh. 



Dist. Char, small or. disc, spot on each w. 



Loc C. through the whole region exc. the coast of the Alpes 

 Maritimes, extending in isolated cases to an altitude of T^^OOft (over 

 8000ft. on the Stelvio, II.- Urn.) ; according to Finj, in 2 broods, vi. 

 and viii.-ix ; other authorities give only the lattei-. It is of course 

 c. in the spring, even at ii. e., and in such excellent condition that 

 it is difficult (to me almost impossible) to believe that it never 

 hybernates as a pupa ; that there is a fresh brood earlier than viii., 

 admits, in many places, of no doubt, witness the following dates : 

 Zurich, Lucerne, vii. /85 ; Neuhausen, vii. /89 ; Zermatt, vii. /Ol : 

 Mendel Pass, vii. /95 ; liaveno, vii. ,88 ; Digne, \\. 90, vii. ,91 

 {L»m.). 



