ANlJ THK ALPS Of CKNTKAL KIKOPK. 98 



Loc. V, gen. distributed, but not often mounting v. high, 

 though occasionally to the tree limit: vii. till hybernation, and in 

 spring, but not gen. re-appearing till v.ra. 



Directions of Yar. (a.) division of red. band up.s. f.w. 



ab. Fracta, 'rntt .- the dk. grd. col. being developed along cl. 

 nervure. 



(b.) a y^Qii. diminution of markings. 



ab. Klemensiewiczi, Schillc : red band f.w. shortened at both 

 ends, large costal spot reduced to small wh. dot, red band h.AV. 

 shorter, narrower, and without blk. spots. 



Genus, Euvanessa, Scuddcr. 



E. Antiopa, /.. ; 70mm. Fd. pit. willows, poplars, &c. 



? larger than ^ . 



Dist. Char. Deep chocolate grd. col. with It. border. 



Log. Throughout the region, though seldom v. ab.; flying up to 

 6000ft. or more; viii.-ix., and after hybernation, iv.-vi., often in 

 excellent condition. 



Directions of Yar. (a.) yell, border after hyb. becomes lighter, 



gen. almost wh., and the bl. spots 

 become more prp. 

 (b.) enlargement of yell, border. 



ab. Lintneri, Fitch .- in wh. the bl. spots are consequently reduced. 



ab. HygiaBa, Heijdcnicich ,- in wh. they are entirely lost. 



Genus, Vanessa, Fahr. 



Y. lo, L. ; 55mm. Fd. pit. nettle. 



Dist. Char, a large eye-spot on each w. up.s. those on f.w. 

 gorgeously coloured. 



Loc. Gen. c. throughout the region, mounting occasionally up 

 to some 8000ft. {e.;/.. the heights above the Blumenthal, Miirren, 

 viii. 8, 1900, V. fresh) ; vii.-ix., and, after hybernating, all spring. 



Directions of Yar. (a.) size : [the so-called ab. loides, Ochs., 



is merely the result of half-starved 



larvie] . 



(b.) loss of eye-spots. 



ab. Exoculata, Wi'i/uh-r : with eye-spots h.w. obsolete. 



ab. Belisarius, (Hitli.: with all eye-spots obsolete. a,nd blk. spoti; 



f.w. confluent. 



ab. Fischeri, Staiiilfnss: in which eye-spots f.w. are disintegrated. 



showing a resemblance to the wh. spots of I'liraitwis. 



[Obs. — The last always, the 2 former usually, are obtained by i'efri{^eratiii^' 

 pupi¥, but Fav. (Supplement tci the " Jjcpidopteres du Valais,' 1903, p. 5) says 

 that these '1 occur here and there with the type.] 



