96 THE BUTTEKKI.JES OV SA\ ITZERLANl) 



(b.) shade of grd. col. and conspicuousness 

 of markings un.s. 

 [These vary in a way exactly parallel with C-alhum, q. v.] 



P. C-album, L, ; 44iiiiii. Fd. pit. currant, nettle, elm, 



poplar, &c. 

 5 gen. larger than $ . 

 Dist. Char. un.s. h.w. conspicuous wh. mark, rounded ; gen. like 

 aC. 

 Loc. Everywhere in the region in woods, gardens and road- 

 sides, often ab. ; v. e., vi.; and vii., viii.-x., also in early spring after 

 hybernation ; not gen. above 4000ft., but in Val Pellice at 8000ft. 

 {Tittt). 



Directions of Yar. (a.) lighter grd. col. up.s. 

 var. (& ab.) Hutchinsonii, Iwbwn (Pallida, Tutt); gen. in summer 

 brood. 



(b.) tendency of dk. markings up.s. to form 

 a cl. band culminating in : 

 ab. F-albura, /'.'^7'. ; wh. has also the C-mark converted more or 

 less into an P. 



(c.) darkening of border up.s., culminating 

 in : 

 ab. Reichenstettensis, Ituld: with pale grd. col. ; 2 basal spots 

 up.s. f.w. in place of blk. blotch ; v. broad border, esp. on inn. 

 marg. ; ;i,nd h.w. all dk. exc. base and nr. fringe. 



(d.) shape of wh. mark un.s. ; sometimes 

 resembles a G, sometimes an 0, some- 

 times a small i inverted, occasionally, 

 in (? , reduced to a mere line, forming: 

 ab. Iota-album, Nt'inilumi. 



(e.) grd. col. and markmgs nii.s. ; the more 

 or less unifonxi dk. un.s. is regarded 

 as the type, the shade of which varies 

 considerably ; there are also 2 main 

 divisions of the variegated form: 

 ab. Pallidior, Pctofina : with It. grd. col. 



ab. Yariegata, Tutt .• witli ilk. grd. col., i.he grn. being often 

 prominent. 



[^Obs. — The above give only the main t'ornis of the un.s., wh. varies ahnos^t 

 (Midlessly ; such variation being independent of sex. and to a great extent also of 

 time of emergence : it hns. however, been observed thsit the hybernatiug speci- 

 mens are gen. more iiiiifoiin in colour, this jirobalily being useful for conceal- 

 ment in the wintet. 



Tribe Nymphm.idi. 



Gei'iUs, Limenitis, I'alr. : livl). 1. 



