122 THE BUTTERFLIES OF SWITZERLAND 



2 gen. with lighter markings and often with more eye- spots 

 than ^ . 

 [Obs. — The ? in most cases comes out, or, at any rate, shows itself, con- 

 siderably later than the cT ; the former is gen. to be found among flowers or 

 grass, the latter has a predilection for roads and rocks.] 



The following remarks include the genus Melampias, lib., for the 

 erection of wh. no adequate excuse appears to me to exist (v. intro- 

 duction). 



This genus is in many cases v. local, and in all has more or less 

 definite limits of altitude ; these I have endeavoured to tabulate, 

 the figures, in English ft., being mostly founded on those given by 

 Frey (who uses Parisian, not Enghsh, ft.), but altered in many 

 cases in accordance with subsequent experience. It must be under- 

 stood that " plain " does not mean sea-level, but the general valley 

 level of the districts in wh. the sp. occur, and of course the figures 

 are only approximate. Epistygne, plain to 4000ft.; Medusa, plain 

 to 4500ft. ; ^Ethiops and Stygne, plain to 5500ft. ; Ligea, plain to 

 4500ft., and with var. Adyte to 6000ft. or more ; Evias, plain to 

 7000ft.; Neoridas, 2000ft. to 6000ft.; Ceto, 2700ft. to 5500ft; 

 Nerine, 3300ffc. to 5000ft.; (Eme, 8000ft. to 6000ft. (but at Gliou 

 at 2000ft.); Euryale, 3000ft. to 6500ft. ; Scipio, 3000ft. to 7500ft. ; 

 Manto, 4000ft. to 6500ft. ; Goante, 4000ft. to 7000ft. ; Melampus, 

 4500ft. to 6500ft. (exceptionally 3500ft. to 8000ft.) ; Pharte, 

 Eriphyle, and Tyndarus, 4500ft. to 6500ft. ; Christi, 4500ft. to 

 7000ft. ; Mnestra, 5000ft. to 8000ft. ; Arete, 5500ft. to 6000ft. 

 (LvDi.) ; Pronoe, 5500ft. to 6500ft. ; Epiphron vars., 6000ft. to 

 8000ft. (exceptionally 4500ft. to 9000ft.) ; Lappona and Gorge, 

 5500ft. to 9000ft. ; Flavofasciata, 7000ft. to 8000ft. ; Alec"to, 

 7000ft. to about 10000ft. 



*E. Epiphron, KnocJi (Egea, Biih. ; lanthe, ///>.) ; 

 28mm, -34mm. Ed. pit. Aira jn-fecox, and A. caHpitom. 

 5 with more distinct markings than S • 

 Dist. Char, a slight ang. in h.w. about half-way down out. marg. 



Log. Not on the Jura, but in one form or other distributed over 

 the high Alps of the whole region. Unfortunately, in many, 

 indeed in most cases, the special forms from different localities are 

 not mentioned in books, letters, or lists, and in many collections the 

 Iocs, of the specimens are not attached ; hence a great difficulty 

 arises in giving, what is most desirable, the exact habitat of the 

 different vars. Speaking roughly, it may be said that the type is 

 only reported from above Certosa di Pesio, vi.-vii. {Morris) ; that 

 var. Yalesiana is to be found on the S. slopes of the Valaisian alps, 

 the Mayenwand, the Pierre-;\-voir, and the Simplon ; that var. 

 CanHinpe is the more usual form on the S. French, Piedmontese and 

 Valaisian alps, and round Engelberg ; vars. Xdainiis and MnciiKm 

 in the iJernese Oberland, the Grisons and the Tyrol ; though 

 Nda)iu(s is to be found as an ab. throughout the region; ab. 

 Obmleta appears to come chiefly from the Grisons : vii. and viii. are the 

 usual months of appearance, according to altitude, but also vi. in 

 theS. 



