256 THE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



bred from Zonaria male and hirtaria female were fertile and those 

 from Zonaria female and hirtaria male were infertile. The hybrid 

 females were semi-apterous.— Sir G. H. Kenrick gave a lecture on the 

 Pierinae butterflies, and explained the classification of the group. He 

 described the various types of ova, larvse, pupae, and imagines, and 

 also the food-plants and the structure of the antennse and special 

 scales occurring in certain species. The peculiar distribution and 

 migration were explained, and the lecture was illustrated by a large 

 series of specimens. — H. Willoughby Ellis, F.Z.S., E.E.S., Hon. Sec. 



EECENT LITERATUEE. 



A Handbook of the Tsetse-flies [GeJius Glossina] . By Ernest 

 Edward Austen, Assistant in the Department of Zoology, 

 British Museum (Natural History). Pp. i-x, 1-110. Ten 

 plates in colour. Printed by Order of the Trustees of the 

 British Museum. 1911. 



Chapter I. of this excellent and valuable work treats of the 

 general characters of Tsetse-flies, and how they may be distinguished 

 from other flies, especially members of the genera Stomoxys and 

 Hamatopota, with which species of Glossina might be confused. 

 Distribu-tion is also referred to, and a map of Africa with the "fly- 

 belts" indicated thereon shows at a glance the infested areas. In 

 chapter ii. (pp. 8-17) the external characters are discussed. Chapter iii. 

 (pp. 18-22) mainly comprises tables of the groups and species. The 

 other four chapters (pp. 23-105) are devoted to descriptions of the 

 species, together with their distribution, bionomics, early stages 

 (where known), affinities, and distinctive characters. 



Newstead's arrangement of the species in groups has been adopted, 

 except that G. brevijxdpis, Newst., G. longvpennis, Costi,and G. medi- 

 corum, 11. sp., constitute a fourth group of the genus. 



There are twenty-four illustrations in the text ; the figures on the 

 plates, which are beautifully reproduced, are from drawings by A. G. 

 Engel Terzi. 



Since the publication of Mr. Austen's ' Monograph of the Tsetse- 

 flies ' in 1903 there has been very considerable additions to our know- 

 ledge of these pests of Tropical Africa; also an increase in the 

 number of described species. In the Monograph (now out of print) 

 only seven species of Glossina were known, and G. palpalis had not 

 then been recognized as the carrier of the parasite which causes 

 " Sleeping Sickness." In the ' Handbook ' under notice fifteen species 

 of " Tsetse-fiy " are dealt with, and two of these are described as 

 new to science. 



Up to a very recent date Trypanosomiasis had only been traced 

 with certainty to the bite of Glossina iKilpaUs. As our author points 

 out, however, there is now reason to suspect that Trypanosoma gam- 

 hiense, the parasite producing " Sleeping Sickness," may be conveyed 

 by other species of Tsetse. It is therefore most important that 

 medical officers and others engaged in fighting disease in Tropical 

 Africa should be able to recognize the species of Glossina one from 

 another. With this ' Handbook ' at their service there should be 

 little, if any, difficulty in the identification of Tsetse-flies. 



