12 6 A finals Entomological Society of A merica {Vol .II, 



Handlirsch homologizes the veins of the Phytophthires which 

 he figures and also names what tracheae he figures. 



In Woodworth's discussion of the wing veins of Phytoph- 

 thires* the veins of these insects are homologized to the extent 

 that the statement is made that the front wing of Aleurodidse 

 is the same in its maximum condition of venation as the maximum 

 of the hind wings of Aphidas, and the hind wings the same as the 

 minimum of Aphidae, and that the venation of the front wing of 

 Coccidce is the same as the minimum of the front wang of Aleuro- 

 didae. This author figures wings of all the Phytophthires he 

 discusses but as the wing veins are not labeled and it is not appar- 

 ent from the text which of the "independents" he interprets 

 the media and the cubitus to be either with the. psyllids or 

 aphids it is not possible to homologize them from his figures. 

 The meaning of his statement that in only the Psyllidce is the 

 venation extensive . enough to show clearly their affinity 

 to the higher Homoptera is not apparent, as his maximum 

 number of veins for the aphids according to his figures exceeds 

 the maximum for the psyllids; and' the number when the mini- 

 murh is taken is the same for both wings except for one extra 

 branch for the psyllids. Exception, moreover should be taken to 

 his diagram of the venation of the Aphididae, for the "additional 

 independent and the cross vein at the tip" which he states are 

 very rarely present, are never present in fact in the normal vena- 

 tion of any species of aphid. And if abnormal or freak veins are 

 to be included in the venation of aphid wings there would be no 

 reason to stop at these two, for cubitus might be branched, any 

 of the branches of media have an extra fork and "cross- veins" 

 might be almost indiscriminately located as between cubitus 

 and the first anal. 



In a very convenient classification of some of the external 

 characters of Aphididae Mr. Vickeryf attempts a homology of 

 the wing veins of aphids with those of other insects, stating that 

 the names he gives, based upon Comstock's system, were decided 

 upon from a study of other reduced wings such as Psocus, and 

 from a study of the abnormal venations found so frequently in 

 plant-lice. Mr. Vickery's homologies are based upon the com- 

 parison of mature wings and the misinterpretations which have' 



* Woodworth, C. W. ('06). The Wing Veins of Insects, pp. 124-125. 



. t Vickery, R. A. ('08). A Comparative Study of the External Anatomy 

 of Plant-hce. 



