2 10 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol.11, 



the veins are heavily marked with black on both surfaces, con- 

 ferring a very characteristic appearance, especially upon the hind 

 wing. The other set of species in which the veins are compar- 

 atively inconspicuous is placed by Moore in Limnas, including 

 L. chrysippus, perhaps the commonest butterfly in the world, 

 ranging from the Cape to Hong-Kong and perhaps to Japan. It 

 is clear, however, that Africa is its ancestral home ; for it is there 

 mimicked far more extensively than in any other country." In 

 the Malay Archipelago, both Salatura and Limnas are repre- 

 sented by various forms, and in some of these the tawny colouring 

 becomes much darkened. This tendency appears to be more 

 frequent in Limnas, and when both forms have darkened in the 

 same island (e. g. Java) it is probable that Limnas has acted as 

 the model for Salatura. There is a close general resemblance in 

 colouring and pattern between Salatura of the Old World and 

 Anosia of the New, as also between Limnas of the Old World and 

 Tasitia of the New. Furthermore the two New World species 

 differ from each other in the same points as do those of the Old. 

 The dark, white-barred apex of the fore wing, so conspicuous in 

 the Old World forms, is less emphasized in those of the New, being 

 especially evanescent in Tasitia where, however, traces of the 

 white markings remain distinct. It is significant, however, that 

 the black and white apex is also lost in one of the forms of L. 

 chrysippus, viz., the variety dorippus (= klugii) abundant in 

 many parts of Africa and also extending by way of Aden and the 

 west coast of India as far as Ceylon. There is, in fact, much 

 resemblance between the pattern of dorippus and such a form of 

 Tasitia as herenice, the likeness being especially apparent in the 

 indications of the former presence of the white apical bar. In 

 the forms of Tasitia, as in some of Limnas, the ground-colour 

 becomes darker and richer — a development especially well seen 

 in T. herenice of Florida. Thus the two chief points in which the 

 pattern of Tasitia differs from that of typical L. chrysippus, viz., 

 the darker, richer ground-colour and the evanescent apical 

 markings, are both presented by abundant Old World forms of 

 the latter species. The superficial resemblances between these 

 Old and New World Danaines are precise and often extend to 

 minute details. Thus the scent-pouch on the hind wings of the 

 male, best seen from the under surface, is similar in Salatura and 

 Anosia, while the resemblance between Limnas and Tasitia in 

 this respect is even more striking. 



•^ Proc. Am. Assoc. Adv. Sci., 1. c, 244. 



