1909] Mimicry in the Butterflies of North America 233 



of the few dozen specimens I have been able to study in Enghsh 

 collections, and especially the Godman-Salvin material in the 

 British Museum. I now trust that the subject may be taken up 

 by American naturalists and many hundreds of specimens com- 

 pared from all parts of the north and south range of the species. 



2. In the second point also, the yellowish tint of the principal 

 band, the resemblance is certainly mimetic and not due to affin- 

 ity; for lorqitini, ancestral in certain other features, has here lost 

 the original whiteness of this marking, preserved not only in the 

 Old World but in Limeniiis arthemis and L. weidermeyeri (Edw.) 

 of the New. An excessively slight deepening of the yellow tint 

 could be made out in southern individuals from the area occupied 

 by the model. In order to detect the difference, a long series 

 of northern specimens should be placed beside a similar series 

 from the south and the two compared in a strong light. But 

 far larger numbers than I have seen ought to be examined from 

 this point of view, and, if it were possible to make it, the compari- 

 son of perfectly fresh specimens would be most desirable. 



3. The fulvous marking at the anal angle of the hind wing 

 is excessively variable and often absent from specimens in all 

 parts of the range. The comparison of a very large amount of 

 material is necessary before we can reach any safe conclusions 

 as to the existence of mimetic resemblance in this feature, and the 

 same is true of the extremely variable under surface of lorquini, 

 in which the development of the inner row of sub-marginal bluish 

 lunules may be mimetic of calif ornica. This feature was gener- 

 ally suppressed in the Vancouver Island specimens I have seen. 



We now come to the consideration of certain differences 

 between L. calif ornica and its southern form hredowi which pro- 

 mote a likeness to lorqnini. If these are not mere coincidences, 

 we can hardly escape the conclusion that there is Reciprocal 

 Mimicry (Diaposematism) between calif ornica and hredowi. 



I. The wings of both sexes of calif ornica are more rounded 

 than those of the males of hredowi, in this respect resembling both 

 sexes of lorquini. The fact that the southern females have 

 rounded wings may indicate that this character is ancestral in 

 both sexes, the males alone having been modified in Mimicry of 

 Adelpha. But it is a probable hypothesis that the presence of 

 lorquini has prevented this mimetic feature from passing north- 

 ward into the males of calif ornica. It does ])ass far beyond 

 Adelpha in the northernmost part of the rcmge of hredowi in 

 Arizona . 



