4 ON THE GALL-MAKING COCCID^, 



anteim83, while again higher and wiclei" apart, we find the eyes, 

 set in a kind of furrow. 



PL I. h. Is a larva as it appears shortly after birth, and fig. 1. 

 the larva in the perfect state, one day old, (both greatly magni- 

 fied.) The larva is flat, nearly transparent, and of a yellow 

 colour. The sides are ornamented with hairs formed into one 

 row, and two long anal seise. The antennee are about half the 

 length of the body, consisting of seven joints, and on the tip 

 armed each with two small and two long hairs. The tarsi consist 

 of three joints, the last joint forming a claw, also furnished with 

 some small hairs. 



In some species, as Brachyscelis pileata, B. ovicola and B. 

 duplex the male larvae settle on the leaves, and produce trumpet- 

 like swellings. PI. I. a. and PL II. a. 



The excrescences caused by the female larvae, are generally to 

 be found on the sprays of young branches,* (PL 1. fig. e. and r.) 

 evidently a provision of nature to secure an ample supply of sap 

 for the future growth of the insect, as these females occupy their 

 galls for a year. 



In the species B. pharetrata (PL I. 2.) the young male larvae 

 abandon the home of the mother, and settle in great numbers on 

 the outside crust, but always on the under side ; here they pro- 

 duce a swelling thi-ough irritation, which soon becomes a crimson 

 gall. It then opens like a flower, and often in the shape of a 

 cockscomb. (PL I. o.) The old gall has to provide sufficient juice 

 to nourish the new one, which becomes even larger than the 

 house of the parent. This last formed gall is throughout of the 

 same colour, and as it consists of a soft matter, the larvae 

 dig easily into it, and after having there changed into a second 

 active form, with short antenna, and very short anal sette, they 

 soon become transformed into pupae, and perfect male insects. 

 (PL I. p. greatly magnified.) 



As soon as the male insect becomes mature, the upper surface 

 of the new excrescence shows a number of small cells, and from 

 each a male escapes, with its anal seta3 foremost, and the wings 

 extended over the head. 



This male is about two lines long, of a yellow colour, and 

 having monomerous tarsi, (PL I. s.) ending in two claws, one 



