44 Annals Entomological Society of America [Vol. I, 



workers and females are very diverse. The body of the male ant 

 is graceful in form, one might almost say emaciated. Its sense- 

 organs (especially the eyes and antennae), wings and genitalia 

 are highly developed; its mandibles are more or less imperfectly 

 developed and in correlation with them the head is proportionally 

 shorter, smaller and rounder than in the females and workers of 

 the same species. Even w^hen the latter phases have brilliant 

 or metallic colors, as in certain species of Macromischa and Rhyti- 

 doponera, the males are uniformly red, yellow, brown or black. 

 Yet notwithstanding this monotony of structure and coloration, 

 the male type may present several interesting modifications. 



(2) The macraner is an unusually large form of male which 

 occasionally occurs in populous colonies. 



(3) The micraner, or dwarf male, differs from the typical 

 form merely in its smaller stature. Such forms often arise in 

 artificial nests. 



(4) The dorylaner is an unusually large form peculiar to the 

 driver and legionary ants of the subfamily Dorylinse (Dorylus 

 and Eciton) . It is characterized by its large and peculiarly modi- 

 fied mandibles, long cylindrical gaster and singular genitalia. 

 It may be regarded as an aberrant macraner that has come to be 

 the typical male of the Dorylinas. 



(5) The ergataner, ergatomorphic, or ergatoid male resembles 

 the worker in ha\-ing no wings and in the structure of the anten- 

 nae. It occurs in the genera Ponera, Formicoxenus, Symmyrmica 

 and Cardiocondyla. • In certain species of Ponera (P. puncta- 

 tissima and ergatandria) and in Formicoxenus nitidulus the head 

 and thorax are surprisingly worker-like, in other forms like 

 Symmyrmica chamberlini these parts are more like those of the 

 ordinary male ant, while P. eduardi shows an intermediate 

 development of the head with a worker-like thorax. Forel (1904) 

 has recently found that the ergataner may coexist with the aner, 

 at least in one species of Ponera (P. eduardi Forel). In other 

 words, this ant has dimorphic males. 



(6) The gynaecaner, or gynascomorphic male occurs in certain 

 parasitic and workerless genera (Anergates and Epoecus) and 

 resembles a female rather than a worker form. The male of 

 Anergates is wingless, but has the same number of antennal joints 

 as the female. In Epoecus both sexes are very much alike and 

 both have 11- 12 jointed antennae (Emery igo6). 



