Hatcher: Skki.f.tox of TriANOTiiKRUM ihm'ar ;i40 



complete skeleton of 'I'itanotherium. This skeleton (No. 92 of the 

 Carnegie Museum collection of fossil vertebrates) was carefully ex- 

 humed by the present writer assisted by Mr. W. H. Utterback and 

 forwarded to the Museum, where the different bones were freed from 

 the matrix and skilfully articulated, under the direction of the writer, 

 by Mr. A. S. Coggeshall, chief preparator in the department of ver- 

 tebrate paleontology, aided by his assistants, Messrs. Louis Coggeshall 

 and A. W. Van Kirk. Photographs of the mounted skeleton, taken 

 by Mr. A. S. Coggeshall* as it now appears in the exhibition room are 

 rei)roduced here in plates XVII. and XVIII. 



The skeleton was imbedded in the fine clays of the Lower Titano- 

 therium beds, at a horizon perhaps thirty feet above the Pierre shales, 

 which in this locality, as also to the eastward, are usually found imme- 

 diately underlying the Titanotherium beds. The different portions of 

 the skeleton were for the most part disarticulated, though a few of the 

 vertebrae, metapodials, and one radius and ulna were still in nearly 

 their normal position with reference to one another. No remains of 

 other animals were found associated with it, and the parts recovered 

 lay in such manner as to indicate that the animal lived in the immedi- 

 ate vicinity and met its death at the very spot where the bones were 

 entombed. When found the greater portion of the skeleton was still 

 imbedded in the clays forming the crest of a low rounded bad-land 

 ridge only a few feet in height, the only indications of its presence be- 

 ing a small accumulation of a yellowish mass of finely pulverized bones 

 and teeth where the skull had lain and weathered away so completely 

 as to have left on the surface no piece of a size worthy even of being 

 referred to as a fragment. This pile of bone dust was the first sign of 

 bone detected. On ascending the bad-land ridge ; further indications 

 were to be seen at a distance of some eight feet from this locality but 

 on the same horizon. Here the proximal end of the right femur pro- 

 truded from the surface, standing almost vertically, while a little to 

 the right of this and on a slightly higher horizon the right iliac por- 

 tion of the pelvis was exposed in such manner as to show that the 

 pelvis instead of lying in a horizontal position stood almost vertically 

 in the beds with the crest of the left ilium at the bottom and that of 

 the right at the top, while the position and direction of the pubic 

 symphysis was nearly or quite horizontal. These were all the surface 

 indications visible, and it must be confessed they did not offer to the 

 experienced collector of White River vertebrates any very great 



