Hatcher : Skeleton of Titanotherium dispar. 851 



of the bones as are restored in plaster are outlined with a red line, 

 while the skull and substituted cervicals are distinguished by their de- 

 partment numbers from the bones actually belonging with the skeleton. 

 There is thus preserved a definite record of all the associated material. 



An examination of the mounted skeleton shows that the animal, 

 while of moderately robust proportions, as indicated more especially 

 by the fore limbs and anterior dorsals, belonged to the group of short- 

 footed, brachycephalic Titanotheres, with rather long but pointed 

 nasals and short rounded horn cores almost circular in cross-section, 

 very abundant in the lower and middle Titanotherium beds, and the 

 direct ancestors of T. robustiim Marsh, from the upper beds. 



Beside the present skeleton there are in the museums of this country 

 three other nearly complete skeletons of Titanotheres. The articu- 

 lated skeleton already mentioned as belonging to the American Museum 

 of Natural History in New York, discovered by Dr. J. L. Wortman 

 and Mr. O. A. Peterson in 1892, in the upper Titanotherium beds of 

 the South Dakota Bad Lands. The excellent, though poorly collected 

 skeleton in the Yale Museum, which was discovered and unearthed by 

 Mr. H. C. Clifford in 1875 in the Upper Titanotherium beds near 

 Chadron, Nebraska, and later made the type of T. robiistum by 

 Marsh, and a third skeleton discovered by Mr. H. F. ^Vells at the 

 summit of the Titanotherium beds in the South Dakota Bad Lands in 

 1894. This last was carefully taken up by the present writer and is 

 now stored in the Museum of Princeton University. The skull and 

 lower jaws alone of this skeleton have been freed from the matrix and 

 prepared for study, so that its skeletal features cannot be used for pur- 

 poses of study and comparison, though the skeleton itself is in many 

 respects remarkably complete. 



As will be noticed from the above remarks, the three skeletons just 

 referred to are all from the same horizon, Upper Titanotherium Beds, 

 and a comparison of the cranial and dental characters of each shows 

 that they most likely all pertained to the same species, T. robustum 

 Marsh. The Carnegie Museum skeleton therefore derives additional 

 importance from its pertaining to another species, T. Jisfar Marsh, 

 and having been found in a different horizon (lower Titanotherium 

 beds) from the others. As might be expected in skeletons derived 

 from deposits separated by so great a thickness as are the upper and 

 lower Titanotherium beds, that from the latter exhibits several anatom- 

 ical differences distinct from those derived from the former series. 



