354 • Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



right was lying horizontal, and there was in these two bones the cor- 

 responding difference in length shown by the femora. In each of 

 these instances the bones bore abundant evidence of the great distor- 

 tion they had suffered through pressure, though it is doubtful if any- 

 one would have believed it possible that the right femur or left 

 humerus had suffered so great a reduction in length had not the cor- 

 responding bones of the opposite sides been present for comparison 

 and in a condition comparatively free from distortion. Other por-* 

 tions of the skeleton, more especially the radii and calcanea. lay in 

 such positions that in one instance there would appear a decrease in 

 the transverse diameter attended by a corresponding increase in the 

 fore and aft diameter of the shaft or tuberosity or vice versa, according 

 as these bones lay on their lateral or antero-posterior surfaces when 

 imbedded. In such instances, while the surfaces of these bones bore 

 no faults or fractures or other evidences of distortion, yet they ex- 

 hibited marked differences, especially as regards proportionate breadth 

 and depth at almost any particular point. The first examples (femora 

 and humeri) show to what extremes the process of rearrangement of 

 the particles in any given deposit may be carried after sedimentation 

 has ceased, while the last demonstrates the great care that should be 

 exercised in employing proportionate measurements for the diagnosis 

 of genera and species in vertebrate paleontology. 



The skeleton has been mounted standing on a base of artificial matrix 

 calculated to represent the color and texture of the clays of the Titano- 

 therium beds. It is supported by two uprights made of one and one- 

 fourth inch gas pipe. These uprights are firmly fastened to the base and 

 are placed one each between the fore and hind limbs. Above they con- 

 nect with the iron rods which give support to the pelvis and vertebral 

 column. Each limb and foot is supported by a separate rod nicely 

 fitted to the posterior and inner surface of the bones and covered over 

 with an artificial matrix. The head, instead of being supported by an 

 additional third upright, as commonly done in such cases, is carried 

 by a curved piece of inch piping attached to the forward upright near 

 the top of the latter and held in place by a bit of half-inch pipe run- 

 ning parallel with the cervical series and connected with the anterior 

 of the two uprights above referred to. This innovation, introduced by 

 Mr. Coggeshall, is a decided improvement upon the old method of 

 mounting such skeletons. The many difficult mechanical problems 

 have been met and overcome entirely by the skill of Mr. Coggeshall. 



