Raymond : Fauna of ihk Allegheny Series. 149 



Pine CrcL'k and Brush Croe'k. On the other hand, C. '.^rannlifcr does occur, 

 though spanngly, in the Brush Creek.* 



Birmingham Shale. 



Thirty feet above the Ames is the base of the Birmingham, a shale 

 which is usualh- from 35 to 50 feet thick. It has recently been discovered 

 that tlrs shale contains marine fossils.^ At the base of the formation is a 

 coal which in the region west of Pittsburgh is usually identified as the 

 Elk Lick, though the Elk Lick is really just below the Morgantown sand- 

 stone and from 60 to 75 feet higher in the series than this coal. Both 

 coals ma\- be seen in the same section in Rivervicw Park, Allegheny. To 

 the lower coal the name Duquesne may be applied, as it is well developed 

 along the Monongahela River north of that town. The shale above 

 this coal usually contains plant-stems, fragments of ferns, Estherias, and 

 fish-teeth {Diplodus). 



Along the Union Railroad below Kennywood Park, near Uuquesne, 

 crinoid columns, an undetermined gastropod, and a Chonetes were found 

 in a nodule about 10 feet above the Duquesne coal. Near the top of the 

 shale in the same locality the following species are quite plentiful: 



Product Its com, Edmondia aspenwallensis, 



Productus semireticuJatus, Nucula ventricosa, 



AUorisma subcuneatum, Acanthopecten carboniferous, 



Allorisma costatum, Sphccrodoma sp., 



Cardi'.morpha missouriensis, Tainoceras occidentale. 



The writer has found fossils in this shale at various points from Riverview 

 Park, Allegheny, to Glassport on the Monongahela above McKeesport 

 but the specimens are most numerous and best preserved at Kennywood 

 Park, East Pittsburgh, and W'ilmerding. 



In the second cut on the Pennsylvania Railroad east of the station at 

 Summerhill, Pennsylvania, the Birmingham is well exposed and consists 

 of dark gray sandy shales with a carbonaceous layer at the base. In the 

 'ower part of the shale fragments of ferns are quite abundant, and a 

 single insect wing was found. From the upper part a small number of 

 specimens of a new species of Orbicidoidea were obtained. The interest 

 in these specimens lies, of course, in demonstrating the marine origin of 

 these shales at a point about 75 miles from the place where marine fossils 

 were first found in them. 



"^Ohio Naturalist, IX, 1909, 485. 



^Science, n. s., XXIX, 1909, 940. 



