288 Annai.s of the Carnegie Museum. 



and in the bay, I began collecting in the headwaters of the Rio 

 Itapicuru along the eastern base of the Serra da Jacobina. I crossed 

 this range at the village of Jacobina and rode down the arid basin of 

 the Rio Salitre to Baixa Grande, where I explored a large cave. In 

 pools of the Rio Salitre I found two species of cichlid fishes, already 

 known to science, which had not been previously reported from the 

 basin of the Rio Sao Francisco, and were in fact the first specimens of 

 Cichlida recorded from that system of streams. From Baixa Grande 

 I recrossed the Serra da Jacobina and returned to Bom Fim, or Villa 

 Nova da Rainha. After collecting for some days at and near Bon 

 Fim, I went to Joazeira, a small town on the banks of the Rio Sao 

 Francisco. From Joazeira I went seven hundred and fifty miles up 

 the Rio Sao Francisco to the point where navigation terminates on 

 account of the rapids of Pirapora. This trip was taken in a small 

 steamer. Dr. Cleto Japi Assu, the Director of the Steamship Com- 

 pan^' plying on the river, gave me a pass on all of the boats of the line, 

 which was a great favor, because at that time I did not know very 

 much of the language. From Pirapora I returned to Cidade da Barra, 

 where I collected about two weeks in the rivers, smaller streams, 

 swamps, and adjacent lagoons and lakes. I then went up the Rio 

 Grande to Barreiras and back to Boqueirao, which is located at the 

 fork of the Rios Grande and Preto. I went up the Rio Preto to Santa 

 Rita and rode over the Serra de Piauhy to Lagoa de Paranagua in 

 the state of Piauhy. I returned to Santa Rita and rode along the 

 Rio Preto to its junction with the Rio Sapon. I continued up the 

 Rio Sapon to its headwaters. Here I found the basin of an old 

 drained mountain lake having a good connection with the Rios Sapon 

 and Nova, thus uniting the Sao Francisco and the Amazon basins. 

 I continued down the Rio Nova to the waterfall known under the 

 name of Cachoeira da Velha, about twenty miles above Porto Franco 

 on, the Rio do Sonno. The horrors of the hunger and rain I endured 

 on my retreat upon the back of a worn-out mule as I made my way 

 over the chapada between Jalapao and Prazeres will remain untold. 

 I finally arrived again in Bahia early in March. The chief results 

 of this trip were: 



1. The discovery that cichlid fishes occur in the Sao Francisco 

 basin. 



2. The confirmation of the rumor that there is a connection between 

 the Rio Tocantins and the Rio Sao Francisco. 



