Haskman : Exi-KDiTioN TO Central South Amkkica. 321 



striated; uiiprr jiart of sides dusky, with a hir^e dark median lateral 

 spot below the dorsal, and five or six smaller round black spots about 

 the size of the eye along either side of the adipose and the upper caudal 

 lobe; ventral side while; lower caudal lobe black. 



The cotypes are less liighK' colored and have shorter maxillary 

 barbels. 



Kronichthys subteres (Rilieira) is a synonym of Ilcmipsilichlhys 

 gobio (Liitken). 



Dysichthys anstrale Eigenmann is a synonym of Bunocephalus 

 rugosus. They have three pairs of barbels and are identical in all 

 other details. Dysichthys anstrale, as well as Cope's Dysichthys 

 coracoideus, are based on small specimens in which the mental barbels 

 are very small and were overlooked. As the specimens grow the 

 mental barbels increase considerably. I have examined the type 

 of Dysichthys coracoideus (Cope). It has three pairs of barbels, 

 and I consider it the same as Bunocephalus bicolor. 



I was unable to find any differences between the fishes known 

 by the natives as "Jahu" found in the upper affluents of the Rio de 

 la Plata and those found in the various falls of the Rio Madeira. 

 Specimens less than two feet in length are, as a rule, more or less 

 spotted, and have a velvety yellowish color, while the large adults 

 are almost black in color and are nearly always found in and below 

 w^aterfalls. Medium-sized and young specimens are oftener found in 

 deep water some distance below^ waterfalls. Hence Platy stoma liitkeni 

 Steindachner and Paulacea jahn Von Ihering should stand as Paulacea 

 liitkeni (Steindachner). 



There are some individual and local variations in the genus Satminns, 

 and the young are somewhat different from the adults; but I am 

 unable to draw any distinction between the various species described 

 from the Sao Francisco, Rio Grande do Sul, and the La Plata basins. 

 Hence I consider all of the species to be Salmimis hilarvi. The genus 

 is not found in the Amazon basin and I doubt if Salminus affinis 

 (Steindachner) belongs to this genus. 



