22 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



bones is, at this tender age, distinctly visible, whereas all the sutures 

 in the face become obliterated in the adult/ 



Posteriorly along its dentary border the premaxillary throws back- 

 wards two processes, each of which articulates by squamous sutures ; 

 the first and longer, the maxillary, with the maxillary bone ; the 

 second, or shorter, the palatine process of the premaxilla, with the 

 palatine. This arrangement is found in all of our plovers. Several 

 formina are seen on the sides of the culmen beyond the anterior bor- 

 der of the nostril. 



The iiasa/s have each a broad expansion in front of the frontals, 

 where they articulate with each other along the median line as far for- 

 wards as the nasal process of the premaxilla ; here they contract and dip 

 under that bone on either side, conforming themselves to its width and 

 form, still so as to articulate with each other beneath it, as far forwards 

 as the prolongation of the premaxillary, where they slightly diverge 

 from each other, to terminate in pointed extremities. Posteriorly, 

 the nasals throw down, obliquely forwards, straight bars of bone, which 

 bound the osseous nostrils behind, to be carried forwards over the 

 maxillae on either side, to the maxillary process of the premaxilla, 

 where they articulate by squamous sutures beneath the bone. 



This arrangement of the nasals is very much as we find it in the 

 pigeon (C Ih'ia) ; and, as in the pigeon, the aperture forming the 

 bony nostril is long and very open. Both are schizorhinal birds. The 

 mesethmoid extends well forwards in the plovers, thus affording above 

 a spreading table for the frontals, nasals, and premaxilla to rest upon. 



The lacrymals in Vancllus and .-Egialitis are not very large bones, 

 and in the adult they anchylose with the anterior margins of the fron- 

 tals, where they form the rounded anterior terminating margins of the 

 orbital peripheries. In C. squatarola this part of a lacrymal is more 

 jutting and conspicuous, owing to the fact that the anterior foramen of 

 the supraorbital gland is in that species converted into a deep, rounded 

 notch. In .E. inontana, a lacrymal sends down an attenuated pro- 

 cess that fuses with the outer margin of the antorbital plate, or 

 lateral mass of the mesethmoid. From this margin the lacrymal de- 

 velops two spine-like processes, which project forwards, the upper one 

 being the longer, the lower one almost touching the maxillo-jugal bar. 

 These spine-like processes are absent in ]\jiieUus, and very much 



' As 1 transcribe these remarks from my memoir in X\\& Journal of Anatomx I am- 

 plify them by the use of the more extensive material now at hand. 



