30 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



not very dissimilar volatorial habits. All the bones of the limbs in 

 Plovers are impressed with the more usual ornithic characters. 



In the hiivierus we find the proximal extremity well expanded, and 

 a strongly marked, curling crest overshadowing the usual site of the 

 pneumatic foramen in birds where it is present. The " preaxial ridge ' ' 

 is shorter than we usually find it, that is, it does not extend so far down 

 the shaft ; this shortening, however, is not accompanied by any dimi- 

 nution in the height of this ridge. 



The humeral shaft is straight and subcylindrical on section ; its 

 distal extremity supports the usual points for examination, and the 

 epicondyloid spur is well developed. (See Fig. 9.) 



Both radius and ulna are moderately bowed along the continuity of 

 their shafts, and the row of quill-butts are ranged along that of the 



Fig. 9. Left humerus of Charadfit<s doniinicits, palmar aspect ; natural size ; by 

 the author, from specimen 16,715 of the Smithsonian Collection (taken at Point Bar- 

 row, Alaskan Expedition of 1882). 



latter. There are a dozen of these in Winellus. The skeleton of the 

 hand in any true Plover is a long one, and in C. squatarola that seg- 

 ment is fully as long as the skeleton of the antibrachium. The pol- 

 lex has one joint, the next digit two, and the last, one ; there are 

 no claws or spurs in the manus of these birds, as seen in some of the 

 Asiatic forms. There is a very remarkable resemblance of the skeleton 

 of the pectoral extremity of a Plover to the corresponding structures in 

 a Gull. (Compare for instance L. dehnvareusis diX\6. C. squatarola.^ 



The entire length of the skeletal arm of ^. montana measures 14 

 centimeters — of which the humerus takes 4.4 ; the ulna 4.6 ; the car- 

 pus o. 2 ; the metacarpus 2.3; and the two phalanges of index digit 2.5. 



In the femur we notice that the head is sessile on the shaft, and 

 placed nearly at right angles to it ; on its upper surface the pit for 

 the ligamentum teres is seen. 



The crest of the great trochanter is sharp and elevated above the 

 general surface of the summit of the shaft. At the distal end, the 

 outer or larger condyle falls but a little below the inner one, the groove 

 for the head of the fibula being well cut into it. 



Of the two processes on the anterior aspect of the head of the tibio- 



