6o SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



sympathetic chain, and, moreover, that there is possibly a 

 second series of cells, less readily paralysed by nicotine, 

 between the splanchnics and the spleen, probably that is, 

 in the semilunar ganglia. In connection with the position 

 of the cells on these fibres, it should be noticed that these 

 experimenters localise them to the lateral chain of 

 ganglia, but that in the case of the nerves to the muscles of 

 other viscera, intestines, etc., they have always been found 

 to lie in the collateral ganglia. In regard, moreover, to the 

 position of the cells on the vaso-motor fibres to the spleen, 

 Schafer and Moore's experiments point to a similar position 

 for the majority of them. This view has been strongly 

 questioned by Langley ^ who believes that, with the excep- 

 tion of a few aberrant fibres, all the vasco-constrictors of the 

 splanchnics are in connection with cells of the solar plexus 

 and of this plexus only. 



NERVES TO THE GLANDULAR STRUCTURES OF THE 

 RESPIRATORY AND ALIMENTARY TRACTS. 



T/ie tracJica and iaiynx. — An increase in the rate of 

 secretion of mucus from the o-lands in the mucous mem- 

 brane of the trachea as a result of nerve stimulation has 

 recently been proved by Kokin.'-^ He experimented upon 

 dogs and cats in which the trachea was laid open longi- 

 tudinally in the mid-line by a galvano-cautery. The sur- 

 face was then carefully dried and adherent mucus removed, 

 and the time interval which elapsed before small, rounded 

 drops of mucus appeared at the mouths of the ducts was 

 noted. The same was repeated while various nerves were 

 stimulated. Kokin thus finds secretory fibres in the vagus 

 for these glands. In the dog the secretory fibres for the 

 larynx and upper and middle portions of the trachea run in 

 the superior laryngeal branch of the vagus. In the cat the 

 inferior laryngeal contains fibres for the trachea and lower 

 half of the larynx. 



To the sitbniaxillary gland. — In the cat Langley ^ has 



^Journ. of Physiol.., vol. xx., p. 223, 1896. 

 - PfliigcT^s Archiv, vol., Ixiii., p. 622, 1896. 

 ^ Phil. Trans., vol. clxxxiii., p. 85, 1892. 



