62 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



arise from the thoracic cord in the same roots as the secre- 

 tory fibres and run up the cervical sympathetic to the 

 superior cervical ganglion where they terminate. From 

 the nerve cells influenced by them the post-ganglionic 

 fibres run along the carotid and facial nerve-plexuses and 

 so reach the orland. There are no other nerve cells on the 

 course of the fibres running up the cervical sympathetic 

 other than those in the superior cervical ganglion.^ 



With regard to the vaso-dilators to the submaxillary and 

 sublingual glands passing along the chorda-tympani, 

 Langley ' has shown that those for the submaxillary gland 

 are in connection with cells in the chorda-tympani at or near 

 its entrance into the hilum of the gland ; those for the sub- 

 lingual gland have their cells in the submaxillary ganglion, 

 or in the triangle formed by the duct, the lingual nerve and 

 the chorda tympani. 



For an account of what is known of the secretory fibres 

 to the stomach and pancreas, I would refer to the recent 

 number of " Science Progress " ^ containing Starling's 

 paper, " Pawlow's Researches on the Physiology of Secre- 

 tion ". 



To the liver. — Bernard observed that an increase in the 

 amount of glucose in the blood, and a consequent glycosuria 

 could be brought about by stimulation of the central end of the 

 divided vagus, or better by alternate stimulation of the central 

 and peripheral ends. He further noted that on the death of an 

 animal consequent on section of both vagi in the neck there 

 was a complete disappearance of sugar from the blood and 

 from the tissues generally. 



E. Cavazzani"^ found changes in the liver cells following 

 stimulation of the cceliac plexus in dogs and rabbits which 

 were comparable to changes occurring in glands on stimu- 

 lation of their nerves. On comparing the appearances of 

 the cells in a piece of the liver which had been stimulated 



^ See Langley, yi^z^r;?. of FhysioL, vol. xi., p. 153, 1890, and Langley, 

 Journ. of Physiol.., vol. vi., p. 87, 1885. 



"^ Jourti. of Physiol., vol. xi., p. 123, 1890. 

 3 Feb., 1896, vol. iv., p. 491. 

 * Pfiilgers Arch., vol. Ivii., p. 81. 



