WORK UPON VISCERAL AND ALLIED NERVES. 63 



in this way, with cells from a second portion of the same 

 liver which had been at rest, he observed histological 

 differences exactly comparable to the appearances of liver 

 cells taken from fasting and from well-fed animals. 



Butte ^ repeated Bernard's experiments on section of the 

 two vagi in the neck. The dogs died from twenty to 

 forty-six hours after the section, and in no case was any 

 glycogen found in the liver. In other experiments he ^ also 

 showed, in confirmation of Bernard's original observation, 

 that stimulation of the peripheral end of the divided vagus 

 causes a diminution of the amount of glycogen in the liver, 

 and an increase in the amount of glucose in the blood. 



Cavazzani^ shows that this same result may be obtained 

 by stimulation of the coeliac plexus in dogs, and that the 

 quantity of glycogen disappearing corresponds to the 

 quantity of glucose formed. 



Levene^ confirms this production of glucose on vagus 

 stimulation, but still found glycogen in the liver, and sugar 

 in the blood, three days after section of both vagi. 



Morat and Dufourt ^ show that the sugar formation is 

 due to nervous action not to alterations in the circulation of 

 the liver. In a later paper *^ they show that stimulation of 

 the splanchnics, by induction shocks after division, or by 

 asphyxia, leads to a disappearance of glycogen and a 

 corresponding increase in the amount of glucose. This is 

 obtained both while the circulation is intact or when it is 

 stopped by ligature of the aorta and portal vein. 



Vascular nerves to the liver. — By simultaneous records 

 of the aortic blood pressure, and that in the portal vein, 

 Bayliss and Starling ' have mapped out the spinal origin of 

 the constrictor fibres to the portal vein. These leave the 

 cord in the third to eleventh thoracic roots inclusive, only 



^ Co/lip. Rend. Soc. de Biol.., vol. xlvi., p. 734, 1894. 

 2 Ibid.., p. 166, 1894. 



^ Ann. di chimica e farmacologia, Bologna, 1894, abstracted in Maly's 

 Jahres-Bericht, vol. xxiv., p. 391, 1895. 



'^ Centr.f. Physiol., vol. viii., p. 337, 1894. 

 ■' Compt. Rend., vol. cxviii., p. 659. 

 ^ Arch, de Physiol., vol. xxvi., p. 371, 1894. 

 ~' Journ. of Physiol., vol. xvii., p. 120, 1894. 



