WORK UPON VISCERAL AND ALLIED NERVES. 73 



the second sacral. They pass out from the sixth and seventh 

 lumbar and first and second sacral ganglia, being con- 

 nected with cells in those ganglia. As a rule the fibres 

 leaving in a grey ramus of a ganglion are connected to the 

 cells in that ganglion, but in a few cases the cells are 

 situated in the orano-Hon above. In a few cases none are 



o o 



found in the second sacral, and then nearly always the 

 lumbo-sacral plexus is found to be of the anterior type. 

 Those fibres given by the sixth ganglion are chiefly supplied 

 to the inside of the foot, and those from the second sacral to 

 the outside. Stimulation of the grey ramus from the first 

 sacral causes a marked secretion on the outer side, and a 

 less prominent secretion on the inner side. Stimulation of 

 the seventh lumbar gives a less regular result, commonly 

 there is a secretion all over the foot, sometimes more marked 

 on the inner side. 



There are no secretory fibres running directly to the 

 glands from the cord through the sciatic roots. 



NERVES TO THE EYEBALL. 



As recorded by Bernard,^ it was Biffe who first showed 

 that stimulation of the upper end of the cut cervical sym- 

 pathetic caused dilation of the pupil. Petit, "^ from a study 

 of the course of the fibres from the fifth and sixth thoracic 

 nerves into the cervical sympathetic, as given by Willis and 

 Vieussens, came to the conclusion, in opposition to them, 

 that the fibres were running from the cord to the neck, not 

 in the reverse direction. To test this, he cut the cervical 

 sympathetic, and discovered that the pupil was permanently 

 constricted. 



Budge and Waller'^ also found that stimulation of the 

 peripheral end of the cut cervical sympathetic caused 

 dilation of the pupil, an effect not to be obtained on 

 stimulation of the nerve one month after its section. By 

 stimulation of the spinal cord, they obtained this dilatation 



'^ J our 71. de Physiol. (Brown-Sequard), vol. v., p. 383, 1862. 



^ Histoire de VAcademie des Sciences, 1727. 



^ Comp. Rend., vol. xxxiii., pp. 370, 418, 185 1. 



