172 SCIENCE PROGRESS. 



certain blond prefer the outdoor employments connected 

 with the land or with the care of animals. The case of the 

 grooms is pretty distinct and founded on a tolerably broad 

 basis, and both it and that of the butchers agree with my 

 personal observations. The passion for "horse-flesh " and 

 skill in the management of horses does seem to be in some 

 degree hereditary and even racial. The Scandinavians had 

 it, though the natural conformation of their native country 

 was unfavourable to its indulgence ; and Australian blacks, 

 who have been but just introduced to the animal, speedily 

 become expert and daring riders. 



The apparent difference between the Irish labourers and 

 artisans deserves some comment. The numbers are of 

 course rather small — only sut^cient to raise a suspicion that 

 they indicate a fact. The difference assuredly does not 

 represent that of Catholic and Protestant, of exotic and 

 indigenous Irishman. For, as I have shown elsewhere, 

 that difference is of the opposite kind, the exotic, who is 

 often Protestant, being slightly oftener blond than the 

 aborigine, who is almost always Catholic. The men here 

 described as " Irish-born labourers " are largely of the 

 peasant or small-farming class. The " English-born Irish " 

 are probably in race-type !'/>s/s Hibernis Hibeniiores, for 

 having all true Irish surnames they are of indigenous Irish 

 and not of exotic descent, so far at least as surnames are a 

 guide, which in this particular case they are to a consider- 

 able extent.^ 



I have chosen tailors and shoemakers as specimens of 

 the sedentary artisan class, and as being tolerably evenly 

 distributed throughout the country, though the shoemakers 

 of late years, since the partial concentration of the industry 

 in a few large towns, are less so than the tailors. A com- 

 parison of tailors from Cornwall with grooms from York- 

 shire or Norfolk would be of little avail. It will be observed 



^ It is not simply that a Sullivan or an O'Donnell or a Connellan must 

 be Irish by remote paternal descent ; that is little ; but that as exotic sur- 

 names are comparatively few in the western half of Ireland, and as religious 

 differences count for something in matrimony, the maternal is likely to have 

 very largely resembled the paternal ancestry. 



