Nemathelminthes. 93 



the terra Enopla Schultze is restored for Burger's Metanemertini = Hubrecht's 

 Hoplonemertini. Potts (Cambridge). 



Hierzu: Nr. 246. 



Nemathelminthes. 



271) Johusoii, Gilbert E., On the Nematodes of the Common Earth- 

 worm. In: Quart. Journ. Micr. Sei., Vol. 58, S. 605—652, Taf. 37, 1913. 



lihahditis pellio is found in the living earthworm either (l) as encysted larva 

 inhabiting the coelom or (2) as the active larva living free in the nephridia. 

 When the earthworm dies and decays these forms become sexually mature. The 

 author used various artificial media (peptone Solutions, etc.) for raising the lar- 

 vae but all proved unsuccessful. So earthworms decaying in damp soll were 

 used for raising the sexual forms. For isolated cultures strips of the body wall 

 were allowed to putrefy and all the larvae exceptone removed. Also putrefying 

 earthworms were boiled and the resultant fluid was filtered and used as a culture 

 medium: this was said to give the best results. The larvae removed from freshly 

 killed Worms and reared develop in almost all cases into males and females the latter 

 generally in considerable excess. Sometimes however worms which have the 

 structure of a female are really hermaphrodites, and these are much more com- 

 mon in subsequent generations while males and pure females become very rare. 

 This appears then to be a species like Rhabditis marionis in which there are 

 males, females and hermaphrodites. The sex ratio is very variable and does not 

 respond to alterations in the culture medium. 



After decay of the earthworm the larvae of the second generation wander 

 into the soll and have been observed existing in the soil fourteen months after 

 the beginning of the experiment. Examination of males and thrushes showed 

 that the larval nematodes swallowed by these did not infect them as alternate 

 hosts. Larvae which were possibly R. pellio were found in cocoons occurring in 

 soil, but the young worms in the cocoon were not found to be infected. It is 

 suggested that larvae infect earthworms entering either by the nephridiopores 

 when they remain as active forms or by the dorsal pores when they are attacked 

 by leucocytes and encyst. Potts (Cambridge). 



272) Menzel, R., Über freilebende Nematoden aus der Umgebung von 

 Triest. In: Revue Suisse Zool., Bd. 20, S. 535—542, 2 Textfig., 1912. 



In einem Stück Moosrasen aus dem Karst fand M. drei Nematoden, deren 

 Beschreibung ergänzt wird. Es sind dies: MonarcJms muscorum (Duj.), Borylaimus 

 macrolaimus (de Man) und B. bastiani Bütschli. Von letzterem wird auch das bis 

 dahin unbekannte cT beschrieben und durch zwei Abbildungen erläutert. D. macro- 

 laimus war bisher nur aus Süßwasser und sehr feuchter Erde bekannt; sein Vor- 

 kommen in Moospolstern ist ein neues aber keineswegs überraschendes Faktum. 

 In biologischer Hinsicht ist bemerkenswert, daß jenes Moosrasenstück fünf Mo- 

 nate lang absolut trocken aufbewahrt worden war und daß die darin enthaltenen 

 Nematoden schon nach Yg bis 1-stündigem Aufweichen des Rasens in Wasser 

 wieder ihre normale Lebendigkeit erlangten. 



Im Anschluß an die Besprechung der drei genannten Arten wird auch des 

 Vorkommens zweier derselben in der Schweiz Erwähnung getan. 



J. Carl (Genf). 



273) Tung, E., La faune des Nematodes libres du Canton de Geneve. In: Arch. 

 Sc. phys. et nat. Geneve. d., Bd. XXXV, Nr. 3, S. 304—305, 1-913. 



Verf. gibt eine vorläufige Liste der von seinem Schüler Stefanski bisher im Kan- 

 ton Genf gesammelten frei lebenden Nematoden. Von den 47 Arten stammen 8 aus dem 



