238 Vererbung, Variation, Mutation. 



tiful curls the first few days after birth. According to Sinitzin, this is the type 

 from wMcli all otliers originate and they are found only in Bokahara, between 

 the river of Amu-Daria and the city of Bokahara. 



The large Arabi, in the author's opinion, arose by crossing the Shirazi with 

 the small Arabi since he found that when the so-called brown Persian broad- 

 tail (Shirazi) was crossed with a bück closely resembling Sinit'Zin's description 

 of the small Arabi, an offspring was obtained which in every way closely resem- 

 bled the large Arabi. 



The value of a breeder depends upon the luster and tightness of the curl 

 at the time of birth, it is not possible to produce a marketable für in the first 

 cross unless the lustrous long-wool sheep be used. When Karakul bucks are 

 employed that are free from Afghau blood (tight-wool) it is not necessary to 

 use füll blood long wool ever in order to produce fine skins and the sarae is 

 true of the half -blood Karakul bucks, providing that such rams have no tight 

 wool admixture. The Karakul strain seems to have the faculty of absolutely re- 

 moving the disagreeable woolly and rausk-like flavor peculiar to the mutton of 

 the tight wools. Twenty-five percent of Karakul blood will make a great diffe- 

 rence in flocks in hardiness, weight and quality of mutton. Pearl (Orono). 



383) Anderson, W. S., The Evolution of a Type of Horse. In: Amer. 



Breeders Mag., Vol. III, Nr. 3, S. 209—216, 1912. 



The author reports the results of Johnson of Kentucky who undertook to 

 evolve a saddle horse that would breed true to type. There were four sources 

 of the blood lines that he used — the farm horse, the thoroughbred, the trotter 

 and the Morgan horse. Although unacquainted with Mendel's work Johnson 

 recognized "manifested characteristics" and "latent" ones. He developed a line 

 of blood mares by Inbreeding and then crossed with Bourbon Chief, a renowned 

 descendant of Imported Messenger. The type which he developed — the John- 

 son horse — is a Morgan iraproved in conformation, size, beauty, action, speed, 

 with all the strength, soundness and endurance of the old Vermont breed. 



"The Unit characters of the horse may, in a tentative way, be stated to be 

 as follows: that the finer qualities are recessive to the coarse ones; as the thin, 

 pointed ear is recessive to the heavy thick one; the clean, small head recessive 

 to its opposite; the short neck recessive to the long one; the flat foot recessive 

 to the "mule" foot; the calf knee dominant to the straight, perfect knee; strength 

 dominant to weakness; true action and superior action recessive to untrue and 

 inferior action. In color, chestnut is recessive to grey, bay and black." 



Pearl (Orono). 



384) Bush-Brown, H. K., Horses and Horse Breeding. In: Amer. Breeders 

 Mag., Vol. III, Nr. 4, S. 282—289, 1912. 



The author submits a System of measuring animals, especially horses, which 

 will give an accurate and reliable method of measuring the bodies of individuals. 

 Pull allowance is made for variations in size so that not only large and small 

 individuals of the same breed may become comparable, but also individuals 

 belonging to different breeds and even the same individual in different stages 

 of growth. By determining what constitutes the perfect type of Thoroughbred, 

 Morgan, Trotter, Bercheron or other breed whatsoever, each horse in his own 

 type can be measured and Standards of proportion be established for that type. 

 The paper is illustrated with five diagrams to show the System of taking mea- 

 surements. Pearl (Orono). 



