y2 Insecta. 



Ilorin, in whicli province Tse-tse flies already spread disease among cattle and 

 horses to such an extent that in some localities they cannot live. 



The physical features of the province are described, and tables are given of 

 climate and rainfall : types of scenery and haunts of some of the flies are illustrated 

 in the plates. The species of G-Iossina noted were G. palpalis, G. tachinoides, 

 G. suhmorsitans and G. lovgipalpis: generally speaking, the two first v^^ere found 

 in all districts, but suhmorsitans is curiously restricted to the Eastern division of 

 the province. The commonest Glossina in the province is a small race oi pjalpalis: 

 it is referred to that species because the S genitalia are practically inseparable, 

 but in externa! characters it differs markedly from typical palpalis and from the 

 other species. 



A table is given of the distribution of Fulani cattle in the province, and on 

 comparing this with the fly-map, it is found that the districts where these cattle 

 are absent are just those where G. sitbmorsäans is present. The correspondence 

 suggests that the presence of the insects constitutes the reason why the cattle 

 cannot live in those districts. But it is in an undoubted fact that Fulani cattle 

 do live and thrive in regions where G. palpalis and G. tachinoides are plentiful. 

 In addition to the Fulani cattle, herds of dwarf cattle are found in some places: 

 they exist in localities where Fulani cattle cannot live, and have therefore been 

 supposed to be immune from trypanosomiasis, but this has been experimentally 

 proved to be not always the case. The author discusses human trypanosomiasis 

 and methods of combating it at some length. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



218) Cailieroil, A. E., On the life-history of Lonchaea c/^orca Fabricius. 

 In: Trans. Ent. Soc. London, Heft 2, S. 3U— 322, Taf. 11, 1913. 



Descriptions are given of the egg^ larva, and pupa of this fly, together with 

 notes on the life-history. The larvae have been found under rotten bark, in dis- 

 eased bulbs, in roots of beetroot previously attacked by a Nematode worm, and 

 in cow-dung. They do not do härm directly, but may be classed in the group 

 styled "followers of decay"; and plants previously attacked by fungus or other 

 enemies may have the injury accentuated by larvae of this fly. The time occu- 

 pied in development varies greatly according to conditions. Larvae fed on cow- 

 dung in a laboratory at a temperature of 70° to 78^ F. pupated after 12 days, 

 and the whole development from the egg occupied only 30 days under these 

 conditions. — On the other band, larvae fed on cow-dung at a temperature 

 of 50*^ F. or under did not begin to pupate tili from 60 to 72 days had passed; 

 but though the feeding-period was so prolonged, the larvae reraained somewhat 

 smaller, and pupae and imagines were correspondingly small. Larvae feeding on 

 decaying beetroot in the open were observed to require 6 to 8 weeks for de- 

 velopment according to weather conditions. In this case the cores of the roots 

 of sugar-beet had been attacked by a Nematode \\orm; the eggs of the fly were 

 laid in small Clusters at the bases of the leaf-petioles, and the larvae on hatch- 

 ing penetrated the petioles and worked downwards to the decayed root-tissue. 

 Excess of humidity also prolongs development. The length of the pupal stage 

 also varies according to conditions. Instances of the extraordinary vitality of the 

 larva are mentioned on p. 317. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



219) Edwards, F. W., Notes on British Mycetophilidae. In: Trans. Ent. 

 Soc. London, Heft 2, S. 334 — 380, Taf. 12—18, 1913. 



This is an important systematic paper, adding many forms of fungus-gnats 

 to the British Fauna, and including descriptions of some species new to science. 



