Insecta. 99 



242) Bethune-Baker, G. T., The pairing habits of Hepialus pyrenaicus. In: 

 Ent. Record and Journ. Variation, Bd. 20, Heft 2, S. 52, 53, 1913. 



The + of this moth is apterous :ind has a very long abdomen. The ,( was seen 

 to flutter round, and then to get completely underneath the +, the abdomen of which 

 it clasped with all its legs: in this positiou it rested a few moments, with its head 

 reaching up to the bind legs the .i:. Soon it securely attached its organs to the ¥, and 

 the pair then assumed the usual end-to-end position. Some notes on oviposition and 

 the ova are added. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



243) Cockayue, E. A., and Jackson, F. W. J., Courtship of Hepialus he ta. In: 

 Ent. Record and Journ. Variation, Bd 25, Heft 7 und 8, S. 195 — G, 19 1 3. 



The observations recorded in this note are of considerable intei-est, because a ¥ of 

 this moth was seen to approach a ({ more than once and attempt to pair with him. 

 For the + to seek the ', instead of vice versa, is a rare phenomenou. In this case the 

 attempt of the '^ to jiair i'aileil, and she was then approached and paired with by a 

 tiecond ' which had apjjeared in the vicinity. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



244) Frohauk, F. W., On the egg-laying and early stages of Hesperia linea 

 (== thatomas). In: Entomologist, Bd. 45, Heft 9, S. 253 — 256, Taf. VIII, 1912, and 

 Bd. 46, Helt 9, S. 263— 2i;5, 19i;i. 



This butterfly lays from 3 to 5 eggs on the inner sides of the sheaths of the 

 flowering stems of certain graases. Oviposition in a wild state was observed by the 

 author, and a detailed description of the act is given. He also reared the butterfly 

 through its lit'e-cycle in captivity, and summarises bis observations, giving descriptions 

 üf the egg, the various stages of the larva, and the pupa. Eggs obtained in Jnly com- 

 menced hatching early in August, the egg-stage lasting 23 days. The larva eats most 

 of the eggshell after emerging, and then soon commences to spin over itself a dense, 

 elongated-oval, white cocoou, in which it hibernates. The little larvae do not move 

 from where they are hatched, but spin their cocoons in the place where the eggs were 

 laid, so that the row of eggs is replaced by a row of cocoons. By hatching and spinning 

 cocoons the young larvae are probably better protected during the winter than if they 

 remained through that season in their eggs, for the latter might easily be detached and 

 perish on the ground. The young larvae commenced eating their way out of the cocoons 

 about the middle of tne following April, and shortly after commenced feeding on tender 

 grass-blades. One larva, which was isolated for purposes of Observation, after feeding 

 two or three times, drew the edges of the grass-blade partly together with silken threads, 

 living in the dwelling so formed: it moulted first on May 6^^, the second time on May 19*^1, 

 the third time on May 27tii, and the fourth and last time on June &^^: it span up for 

 pupation on June Ib^^ and pupated two days later, the imago emerging on July 4tii. 

 But the length of the pupal stage has been found to vary, according to temperature, 

 from 12 to 17 days. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



246) Prout, L. B., A coUection of Larentia citrata, L. (immanata, Haw.), from 

 Iceland. In Proc. Ent. Soc. London. S. XVI -XVII, 1913. 



This note contains s^ome details of the Variation found in a large series of this 

 Geometrid moth in Iceland. It is specially interesting from the fact that the specimenrf 

 were all taken at the same time and place. 11. Scott (Cambridge). 



246) Cbapmaii, T. A., Further notes on Libythea celtis. In: Ent. Record and 

 Journ. Variation, Bd. 25, Heft 7 und 8, S. 192-195, Taf. 13—17, 1913. 



This paper contains detailed descriptions of the larva of this butterfly in its various 

 stages, lind remarks on the affiuities of the genus. The larva in general appearance 

 resembles larvae of certain Pierinae, and its hairs .are very neaxly similar to those of 

 many Pierine larvae, having extremities formed for exuding fluid. The circles of hooks 

 on the prolegs are so nearly complete as to suggest an affiuity with lower groups (cf. 

 the Hesperiidae). The form of the egg, larvae food-plant, and certain j^oints about the 

 imago, point to an alliance with Vanessa, while the wing-neuration points rather to the 

 Satyrinae. H. Scott (Cambridge). 



247) Fryer, J. C. F., The larval habits of the Tineid moth Melasina 

 energa Meyr. In: Trans. Ent. Soc. London, Heft 2, S. 420— 422, Taf. 21, 1913. 



The larvae of several European and African members of this genus con- 

 struct portable cases: but the species here dealt with was found in Ceylon to 



