242 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



One day, Mr. Irwin with team and buggy took Mr. Hawkins and 

 myself up Keyser Creek about ten miles toward the Lake Basin. As 

 soon as we entered the hills we saw the same dark clay, shales, and 

 sandstones in which we had seen bones of dinosaurs in the high bluff 

 west of Columbus. In several places — in fact wherever we examined 

 certain layers of dark shale — we found many fragments of bones of 

 dinosaurs, part of which belong to the Ceratopsia. Some fragments 

 were also found in a quite heavy band of sandstone above the shales. 

 Still higher were large iron-stained concretions. As the road ascends 

 the stream the strata also ascend, so we did not reach much higher levels. 

 In one place, about six miles from Columbus, a cliff of gray sandstone 

 and shales has been laid bare by recent landslides and the breaking 

 off of large blocks from the cliff. The sandstone here, like that at 

 the quarry near Columbus, appears to be different from the surround- 

 ing rock and suggests faulting ; but the difference in appearance may 

 be due to the manner of weathering, for beds as thick, though appar- 

 ently not so massive, appear in one or two other places along the 

 stream. In the sandstones and shales are many impressions of plants, 

 but no good fossil leaves, except those of Lemna and some other 

 delicate plants, were found. 



The Region North of Big Timber. 



The next stop after leaving Columbus, was at Big Timber, a distance 

 of forty-one miles by railroad from the former place. This stop had 

 not been planned at first, but I was extremely anxious to more fully 

 explore the Fort Union beds east of the Crazy Mountains, where a 

 few fossil mammals had been collected. I hired a horse and cart, 

 and started northeastward on the road which goes from Big Timber to 

 the Lake Basin. After leaving the river the road ascends a slope 

 toward the higher hills. Here dark shales appear, in which there are 

 bands and lenses of sandstone. Just below where the road ascends to 

 the top of a stratum of sandstone, there is a layer of limestone which 

 contains many Unios and gasteropods. There are also some fragments 

 of bones. In one or two strata there are very good fossil leaves. 



Extending away to the eastward to the limit of vision were partly 

 wooded hills, or a dissected bench-land, giving the effect of a thin 

 wood extending to the horizon. The slopes were moderately gentle, 

 and the ravines fairly broad, but narrowing and branching as they 

 divided among the innumerable hills. It presented a picture a little 



