256 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



Just above the house a little stream issues from a small canon with 

 steep sides, in which are many pine trees. On the north side of the 

 canon are outcrops of Tertiary rocks. On the south side are glacial 

 mounds which mount up in stages toward the high mountain peaks to 

 the southward. Between these mounds are little glacial lakes or ponds, 

 and flat bottoms where ponds have formerly existed, but have been 

 partly filled with sediment. Above the canon there is a dam, which 

 makes an artificial pond used for irrigating purposes. Above this the 

 creek, fringed with willows, flows through meadows and among hills 

 thickly clothed with vegetation. To the eastward and southward were 

 the high peaks of the Snow Crest Range. There were large exposures 

 of the "red beds" (Jurassic?), Palaeozoic limestones, and other forma- 

 tions. Though it was getting late in the season, I determined, should 

 the weather permit, to ascend the mountains to the south the next day, 

 and examine some of the formations, which from a distance looked 

 interesting and inviting. The next morning everything was covered 

 to a depth of several inches wdth snow, which was still rapidly falling. 

 I was snow-bound for about three days, then in the thaw I broke camp 

 and resumed my journey, feeling sure that not until the next summer 

 would the highest peaks of the Snow Crest Range be bare again. 



The next night after starting I stopped on Sage Creek at the home 

 of Mr. and Mrs. Freeman, whose acquaintance I had made on a pre- 

 vious expedition. They are both careful observers and I learned much 

 about the geological conditions of the surrounding country from their 

 intelligent and interesting descriptions. After examining the Tertiary 

 deposits east of Sage Creek, I stopped at a place, where in 1897 I had 

 found two or three specimens, which appeared to belong to the Middle 

 Eocene. I did not find any more vertebrate fossils in these particular 

 beds, but the lithological conditions are different from what I have 

 observed elsewhere. There is little doubt that they are of Eocene 

 age. In overlying beds I found a few fragments of bones, which prob- 

 ably are Lower Oligocene. This area is north of Sage Creek, where 

 it flows eastward to empty into Red Rock Creek. Here I encountered 

 the hard, coarse, rounded river-gravel, which according to Mr. Free- 

 man extends in a strip a considerable distance northward and south- 

 ward over benches and hills. It undoubtedly marks the course of an 

 old post-Miocene river. 



After leaving Lima I ascended Red Rock Creek, passing through the 

 canon into Centennial Valley. On the south side of the creek are 



