424 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



peerage was very unpopular and lessened his influence with the gov- 

 ernment as well as with the people. His eloquence could not have 

 the same effect upon the small numbers, who were accustomed to 

 attend the House of Lords, as it had had upon the House of Com- 

 mons, In the year 1768 he resigned, never to hold office again. 

 In spite of his ill health he continued his interest- in public affairs, and 

 opposed with great ardor the taxation of the American colonists. All 

 means in his power were used by him to bring about an amicable set- 

 tlement of the differences between England and the American Colo- 

 nies. When America entered into an alliance with France and it was 

 proposed to remove the ministry and make peace at any price, Pitt, 

 though in a dying state, appeared in the House of Lords and made a 

 powerful address against the disruption of the British Empire. It was 

 his last effort, and a few days later, May 11, 1778, he died. 



2. Leather Wallet carried by General John Forbes on his march 

 from Philadelphia to Fort Duquesne. Wooden tobacco mull with dog 

 whistle attached, formerly the property of General John Forbes. 

 Commission of John Forbes in Colonel Stewart's Regiment, given by 

 the Dutch Government. Certificate bestowing upon John Forbes the 

 freedom of the town of Dunfermline. (See Plates LIII and LIV. ) 

 Loaned by Mr. Arthur Forbes, Edinburgh, Scotland. 



General John Forbes, who commanded the expedition against Fort 

 Duquesne in 1758, was a Scotch soldier, born at Dunfermline, Scot- 

 land. He was sent to America in 1757 and at that time had the rank 

 of Adjutant-general, but in the latter part of the same year was ap- 

 pointed Brigadier-general. Preparations to retrieve the results of the 

 disastrous defeat of Braddock in 1755 were soon begun. Forbes 

 reached Philadelphia in April, 1758, but sufficient troops and supplies 

 were not in readiness, so it became necessary for him to wait until the 

 latter part of June before setting out on his slow and perilous march to 

 Fort Duquesne. At first it was his intention to follow Braddock's 

 route, but he later decided to open a new road from Bedford, over the 

 mountains. This decision met with great opposition from the Virgin- 

 ians headed by Colonel George Washington, but Forbes persisted, and 

 the march was made over this route. 



At this time General Forbes was stricken with disease, and had to 

 be carried on a litter the entire way ; nevertheless he directed in per- 

 son the entire plan of the campaign. Upon reaching Loyalhanna he 

 decided that he would go into winter quarters. The roads were 



