Haynes: Fauna of the Upper Devonian in Montana. 33 



green shale and limestone bands of No. 5 at all of the localities where 

 specimens were collected. 



4. Spirifer whitneyi Hall. (PI. V, fig. 5; PI. VI, figs. 8-1 1. Cf. PI. 



VIII, fig. 7-) 



Spirifer whitneyi Hall, Geol. Surv. Iowa, pt. 2, 1858, p. 502, PI. 4, fig. 2. 

 Spirifer whitneyi Kindle, Bull. U. S. G. S., No. 391, 1909, p. 24. 



A large number of specimens of spirifers with plicated fold and sinus 

 were collected from the gray limestone, number 4, and the green shale^ 

 number 5, by Dr. Raymond, for the Carnegie Museum in 1905, and 

 by the writer in 1912 and 1913 for the Museum of Comparative Zoology. 

 These specimens have been carefully studied by the writer and 

 compared with New York and European forms of Spirifer disjunctns 

 Sowerby = 5'. verneuili Murchison, and also with specimens of Spirifer 

 whitneyi from Lime Creek, Iowa. The results of this comparative 

 study are as follows: 



The specimens of Spirifer disjunctus from the Chemung formation 

 of New York are similar to those of the de Koninck Collection from 

 Sougniez Province, Liege, and from Colonster and Traipont. In 

 general they are mucronate and rather large forms, with simple rounded 

 plications. They are all very different from the specimens from 

 Montana. Certain of the European forms identified as Spirifer 

 disjunctus, from Boulonnais (Duval and de Koninck collections), are 

 of the same shape and size as specimens of Spirifer whitneyi from 

 Lime Creek, Iowa. The European specimens, however, all lack 

 the fine striations on each plication which are characteristic of Spirifer 

 whitneyi. 



Some of the specimens from Montana have the same measurements 

 and appearance as Spirifer whitneyi from Lime Creek, and in a few 

 cases the surface is well enough preserved to show traces of fine 

 striations on the plications. They have therefore been identified as 

 Spirifer whitneyi Hall. A comparison of the measurements of the 

 Boulonnais, Lime Creek, and Montana specimens is as follows: 



Spirifer disjunctus Sow. from Boulonnais. Ratio (l), width on 

 hinge line to height of brachial valve measured over the surface, from 

 I : .53 to I : .71 majority of specimens i : .66. Ratio (2), width 

 on hinge line to height of area: range I : .143 to i : .27, majority 

 I : .21. Ratio (3), height to width of delthyrium; range i : .6 to 

 1:1, majority 1:1. 





