Henn: South American Pceciliid Fishes. 123 



Garman was followed by Berg^ in confusing the two species, in a 

 more elaborate synonymy than had been given by Garman. Eigen- 

 mann* in 1907, maintained the separateness of the two species and 

 created for G. januarhis, a new genus, Phalloptychus, based on the 

 long unhooked anal of the male. For G. caudomaculatus was created 

 the genus PJialloceros, based upon the antler-like processes at the tip 

 of the male intromittent organ. 



Philippi* in an excellent resume of the published records, again 

 confused the two species and considered them identical. His illus- 

 trations (Tafel I, figs. I and 4) show that he actually had P. caudo- 

 7naculatus, and did not have P. jannarins. Taf. I, fig. 3 illustrates an 

 " Unvollstandig ausgebildetes Gonopodium eines subadulten Mann- 

 chens von G. januarius, ohne Klammerapparat (Phalloptychus- 

 stadium)." This type of anal without hooks is found in developing 

 males of most viviparous genera, and does not represent the type of 

 structure on which Phalloptychus is based. 



Genus Phalloceros Eigenmann. 



Phalloceros Eigenmann, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII, 1907, p. 431, fig. 7; 

 Regan, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1913, p. 999. 



Type by original designation Girardinns caudomaculatus Hensel. 



There is an outer series of compressed, oar-shaped teeth, which on 

 each ramus flare outward toward the angle of the mouth. Their 

 margins toward the tips are in contact and only the tips protrude from 

 the jaw. Behind these, lies an inner series of very small, conical teeth. 



The anal fin of the male is modified into a long, intromittent organ, 

 its origin slightly forward of the anterior third of the total length. 

 Its length is contained 3.3 times in the length of the fish. Ventrals 

 short, hardly reaching the anal, their origin directly below that of the 

 pectoral. Caudal rounded. 



First and second anal rays in the male minute; third, fourth, and 

 fifth anal rays united and greatly prolonged; other rays much shorter. 

 The tip of the fin bends gracefully downward; the fourth ray ends in an 

 obtuse point, bent downward at right angles to the rest of the fin. 



' Anales del Mus. Nac. de Buenos Aires, V, 1897, p. 289. 



8 Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., XXXII. 1907, p. 425. 



9 " Fortpflanzungsgeschichte der viviparen Teleostier Glaridichthys januarius 

 und G. decem-maculatus in ihrem Einfluss auf Lebensweise," etc., Zoologische 

 Jahrbiicher, XXVII, 1908, pp. 4 et seq. 



