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Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



that the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta does not now have, and never 

 has had, any direct relation whatever with the Andean system of 

 Colombia. 



But when we come to examine and compare the Sierra Nevadan 

 Fauna with the Subtropical of Venezuela the case is decidedly, differ- 

 ent. No less than thirteen forms prove to be common to both, but 

 wanting or else represented by a distinct form in the Eastern Andes, 

 while six others are represented by closely related forms, having no 

 analogue whatever in this latter range. Twelve others in addition 

 have representatives in all three regions, but in almost every case the 

 form from the Sierra Nevada is more closely allied to the Venezuelan 

 form than to that of the Eastern Andes. (See Figure 7.) There are 



Fig. 7. Ranges of Xenicopsis montanus striaticollis (1), X. montanus ven- 

 ezuelanus (2), and X. montanus anxius (3), to show the development of a 

 distinct Subtropical Zone form in the coast range of Venezuela and in the 

 Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta respectively. 



also ten cases in which the Sierra Nevadan form is distinct from that 

 of the Venezuelan Andes and Eastern Andes, which are identical. 

 Under these circumstances we may be fairly certain that in the cases 

 (nineteen in number) where the forms of all three ranges are the same 



