114 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



at this point in April and May, 1899, their collections made there con- 

 taining numerous representatives of this zone. 



El Lorenzo. — A slip for San Lorenzo, which see. 



El Mamon. — An elevation in the southern Sierra Nevada de Santa 

 Marta, said to reach a height of 10,000 feet. When Mr. Brown visited 

 San Sebastian in the summer of 1899 he sent a native collector to 

 work in the higher mountains nearby, among them El Mamon. The 

 region in question he reported to be covered with grass, but with low 

 woods along the mountain streams. Birds were scarce and shy. The 

 specimens taken at this locality were marked " 8,000 feet." 



Fonscca. — A small town on the Rio Rancheria, certainly not more 

 than 500 feet above sea-level, and situated on a level plain, about two 

 miles from the foothills of the Sierra Nevada, which the river skirts. 

 Here the valley between the Sierra Nevada and the Eastern Andes is 

 only about twelve miles wide, and very flat. Observations and collec- 

 tions were made here on July 30 and 31, 1920. The fauna is essentially 

 Arid Tropical in character. 



Fundacion. — A small village at the present terminus of the Santa 

 Marta Railway, fifty-eight miles from Santa Marta. It lies just on 

 the lower edge of the last remnants of the foothills of the Sierra 

 Nevada, and in a southwesterly direction from the Snow Peaks. The 

 Fundacion River, one of the largest on the western slopes of the 

 Sierra Nevada, flows through the village. The whole region was orig- 

 inally covered with Tropical Zone forest, which remains nearly intact 

 on the south side of the village, but towards the north the land has all 

 been cleared and planted with grass or bananas. Just west of the vil- 

 lage is a marsh of perhaps fifteen acres, which has been planted to 

 Para grass, but in its central and deeper parts contains a considerable 

 growth of a large-leaved plant of the nature of the wild plantain, inter- 

 mingled with several varieties of shrubby trees. This marsh proved 

 to be very rich in bird-life. The forest for miles in every direction 

 has been cleared of hardwood trees of any size, and as a result has 

 grown up with heavy scrub, almost impenetrable in places. There is 

 a marked contrast between the forest of the foothills and that of the 

 alluvial plain lying between them and the Cienaga Grande and Rio 

 Magdalena, this difference involving the constituent species of trees 

 and shrubs rather than the general aspect of the forest itself, and this 

 in turn involving a corresponding difference in the bird-life. The 



