322 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



the presence of a spurious outer primary in the Vireonidae may well 

 be doubted. Dr. Chapman has shown (Bulletin American Museum 

 of Natural History, XXXVI, 191 7, 458) that the character in ques- 

 tion is variable even in a single species. It is certainly difficult to 

 determine in many of the smaller species, particularly from dried 

 specimens, and there is no assurance that further studies will not re- 

 sult in the breaking up of other genera which are at present supposed 

 to be fairly homogeneous, if this character is to be made the criterion. 

 Although naturally hesitating to express an opinion at variance with 

 that of such a distinguished authority as Mr. Ridgway, who has more- 

 over given the subject so much careful study, I have received the 

 impression that when the line between the Cotingidae and Tyrannidae 

 comes to be finally drawn it will not be in such a way as to divide 

 such an obviously natural genus as Elcenia, for example, or to relegate 

 Microtriccus and Tyrannulus to the former rather than to the latter 

 group. — W. E. C. T. 



272. Tityra semifasciata columbiana Ridgway. 



Tityra personata (not of Jardine and Selby) Sclater, Proc. Zool. Soc. Lon- 

 don, 1857, 70 ("Santa Marta ") ; i860, 295 ("Santa Marta "). — Salvin 

 and Godman, Ibis, 1880, 169 (Minca). 



Tityra semifasciata (not Pachyrhynchus semifasciatus Spix) Sclater, Cat. 

 Birds Brit. Mus., XIV, 1888, 330 ("Santa Marta" and Minca). — Bangs, 

 Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XII, 1898, 158 (Pueblo Viejo). — Allen. Bull. 

 Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XIII, 1900, 154 (Minca, Cacagualito, and Valparaiso). 



Tityra semifasciata columbiana Ridgway, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, XIX, 

 1906, 119 (La Concepcion ; orig. descr. ; type in coll. U. S. Nat. Mus.). — 

 Ridgway, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., No. 50. IV, 1907, 86S (diag. ; range; ref- 

 erences). — Hellmayr, Proc. Zool. Soc. London, 1911, 1142 ("Santa Marta," 

 in range). — Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXIII, 1914, 321, in 

 text (Santa Marta, Valparaiso, Cacagualito, and Minca; meas. ; crit.) ; 

 XXXVI. 1917, 489 ("Santa Marta"; crit.). 



Additional records: Chirua (Brown); La Tigrera (Carriker). 



Twenty-one specimens: Minca, Onaca, Valparaiso, Cincinnati, Las 

 Vegas, Fundacion, and Pueblo Viejo. 



In describing this form Mr. Ridgway compared it with true semi- 

 fasciata (type-locality Para, Brazil), to which it appears to be most 

 closely allied. Adult males, indeed, are sometimes very difficult to 

 distinguish, there being no absolutely infallible characters for their 

 separation. But as a rule there is more white on the tail in scmifas- 



