364 Annals of the Carnegie Museum. 



Elania pudica pudica Chapman, Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., XXXVI, 1917, 

 457 ("Santa Marta Mountains"; crit.). 



Additional records: San Francisco, Chirua (Brown). 



Twenty-two specimens: San Lorenzo, Cincinnati, Sierra Nevada 

 de Santa Marta (8,000 feet), Las Vegas, San Miguel, and Heights of 

 Chirua. 



As shown by von Berlepsch, E. browni Bangs, based on specimens 

 from the Santa Marta region, is a synonym of E. pudica Sclater, de- 

 scribed from " Bogota," but this author was certainly mistaken in 

 making the latter conspecific with E. frantzii Lawrence of Central 

 America, as has already been pointed out by Mr. Ridgway. Dr. Chap- 

 man, on the other hand, considers that it will eventually prove to be 

 conspecific with E. brachyptera von Berlepsch. Occasional specimens 

 show indications of the white crown-spot so well developed in that 

 form. In juvenal dress, illustrated by No. 38,115, Cincinnati, August 

 21, the general colors are much duller, the upper surface being wholly 

 dull brown, with no trace of olive, the upper tail-coverts and rectrices 

 tipped with buffy, while the lower parts are dull white, the sides of 

 the breast shaded with olive, and a very faint yellowish median stripe 

 on the breast and abdomen. 



" The distribution of the two closely related species, E. brozvni 

 [= pudica] and E. sororia [=albivcrtex~\, of the Sierra Nevada de 

 Santa Marta is quite interesting. E. brozvni occurs at much higher 

 altitudes than E. sororia, Mr. Brown having taken it at 12,000 feet (El 

 Paramo de Macotama). The highest he has found E. sororia is 7,000 

 feet (one example from Chirua). At many stations they occur to- 

 gether. At La Concepcion, 3,000 feet, Mr. Brown took a series of 

 forty odd examples of E. sororia and only four of E. brozvni, from 

 thence upwards sororia becomes rarer and rarer, until 7,000 feet alti- 

 tude is reached, where it ceases altogether and above which E. browni 

 occurs alone" (Bangs). With this statement the experience of the 

 writer in the main agrees. On the San Lorenzo the species ranges 

 from about 4,000 to 7,000 feet, rarely straggling beyond these limits 

 in either direction. In the Sierra Nevada, however, its range is a 

 little more extensive, dropping down to about 3,000 feet and running 

 up to nearly 9,000 feet. It is most abundant everywhere between 

 about 5,000 and 7,000 feet, frequenting open spots in the forest, the 

 edge of the woodland, and partly bare ridges, and preferring the lower 

 ttees and shrubbery to the higher trees. 



