1007.] NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELrHIA. 17 



the oanipiis of the Colorado A<:ri(niltural ("olle<ic at Fort Collins. 

 Dmiiiii Juno of 11H)5 and of 190G 1 also took apterous females with 

 their ofiji-masses from leaves and yoim"; cones of Pinon pine (Pinits 

 cflulis) at Salida. Colorado, at an elevation of O.OOO feet, which seem 

 to be of this species. 



In some instances the lice have been abundant enough to stunt and 

 weaken small trees, but I can hardly consider this insect a serious pest 

 u]i(ni the })ines at the present time, except as it freqeuntly mars the 

 appearance of the foliage of small trees in jiarks and aliout private 

 residences. 



Life History. — There seems to be no small hibernating form of this 

 louse, as of the spruce-infesting species mentioned in this paper. Wing- 

 less lice in various stages of development pass the winter down among 

 the flower buds, between the needles near their bases, or in other 

 protected places. Examples taken February 27 ranged between .4 

 and .8 mm. in length. I have found the hibernating lice in consider- 

 able numbers spending the winter beneath the scales of Chionaspis 

 pinifolicv. This habit of spending the winter in varying stages of 

 development and in more protected places probably accounts for this 

 species getting the start of others in its development in the spring. At 

 Fort Collins, the little white patches of secretion begin to show about 

 the first week of April among the buds and between the needles (see 

 PI. YIII, fig. A), and by about the 10th of the month the first spring 

 eggs are being laid. By the 5th of May it is common to find from 20 

 to 40 eggs to a female and the first young hatching. About one-half 

 of the lice from this brood of eggs become winged, and the other half 

 remain wingless and go on producing other generations of w'ingless 

 lice and eggs until fall, a habit similar to var. coweni on red fir. The 

 winged individuals all seem to be females and all leave the pines, but I 

 have not been able to trace them to their alternate food plant, which I 

 presume to be one of the spruces. The w'inged form begins leaving the 

 trees about May 20, at which time the first brood of wingless females 

 from eggs for the year are beginning to deposit eggs for another genera- 

 tion of apterous individuals, which begin to deposit their eggs about 

 June 10. The wdnged form continues to appear for about ten days. 

 I have seen the apterous females and their eggs in all stages of develop- 

 ment from April 9 to October 22, but the number of generations that the 

 lice pass through in a year I have not determined. 



The number of eggs laid by a single individual is not large, about 30 

 or 40, but the precise number is tlifficult to obtain as the first eggs 

 laid hatch before the last from the same females are deposited. All are 

 2 



