1907.] NATURAL SCIEN'CES OF PHII-AnKI.PIIIA. 365 



mentions as example C. ncdvlosinn Bnigniere, which was by the latter, 

 as by Ad anson, supposed to be Colonna's original species. Roissy* 

 adopted the genus in Bruguiere's sense; his first species was a Veriagus 

 (Klein). In 1S07 TJnk^ followed Lamprck's Prodrome and put under 

 Ccrithiufn (Lam.) his species resembling VirkKjus (Klein), beginning 

 with C. (duco, which type was not then discriminated from the others, 

 and gave to Bruguiere's second group of true Cerites the name Aluco 

 with Ccrithium adansonii Bruguiere as his first species. Montfort in 

 1810« had also followed the lead of Lamarck in 1799 and figured Murex 

 ■vcrtagus as the type of Cerithium s. s. after eliminating 2\'lcscopium 

 and Pyrazus { = hercidca Martyn). Schumacher''' in 1817 has three 

 groujjs under Ccrithium, corresponding to Pt/ras'us Montfort (C. faluslre 

 Lam.), Cerithium Lamarck, 1801 (C . nodidosum Brug.),and Ccrithium 

 Lamarck, 1799 (C. aluco Linne). He also adopts Klein's name Vcrtagus 

 with two groups, the first typified by Murex vertagus Linne, and the 

 second by Murex asper Linne, which differs only by rougher sculpture. 



In referring to species I have corrected the synonymy, which is often 

 complicated, but refrain from inserting the details here. 



To return to the parallel nomenclature, in 1753 Klein, who was one 

 of the worst of the polynomialists, proposed the name Vcrtagus, his first 

 "species" being Murex vertagus Linne. This name of course had no 

 standing. Link in 1807^° used Vertagus for a totally different group 

 containing species of Tercbra, and Schumacher's return" to Klein's type 

 was necessarily too late to remedy matters. 



^lartyn's name Clava was first published*- not later than 1784, as 

 elsewhere proved beyond any doubt. Ihe fom* species published in 

 that year may be identified as follows : 



1. Clava rugota ^lartyn = M urcx asper Linne. 



2. Clava herculea Martyn = CfnY/zmm eheninum Brug. 



3. Clava maculata MsiTtyn = Cerithium clava Brug. 



4. Clava ruhus MsLY\.yn = Cerithium echinatum Lam. 



« Hist. nat. Moll., VI. p. lOG, 1S05. 



' J5e.sc/ir. Rostock Samml., p. 130, 1807. 



» Co?ich. Syst., II, p. .51 1, 1810. 



» Essni, pp. 223-4 and 227-8, 1817. 



'» Beschr. Rostock Sa7riml., p. 128, 1807. 



» Essai, p. 227, 1817. 



" Universal Concholoqist, I, table, Xns. 12, 13. In the second series of forty 

 plates, sometimes called by Martyn Vol. II, tips. 57 and .'iS represent respec- 

 tively Clnra macidala and C. nibus Martyn. The species in Vol. Ill date only 

 from 1786 and need not be considered in selecting a type, though of interest as 

 showing that Martyn 's conception of his genus Clava was practically the same as 

 Bruguiere's conception of his genus Cerithium, eight years later. 



