274 



2. Smooth, subspherical warts {Zygaenidae e. g. Chakosia, East 

 Indies) or elong'ated but still smooth (Affacifs atlas and a species 

 from Soutli-western territories U. S. A.). 



3. Subspherical or clavate, spiny tubercles of niany Attaci, 

 the spinules usually short. 



4. Spinulated spines or elongated tubercles of Ceratocmtipidae 

 and Hemiluculae {H. io and H. maia etc). 



5. Spikelike hairs or spines {Samia cynthia, Anisota^ East-Indian 

 Hijjjsa, Anagnia). 



6. Antler-like spines. Early stages of HcferocaiHpa hiinidafa, 

 (juttiintta and ohllqua. 



B. Setae („hairs", bristles etc). 



1. Siniple, fine, short or long, microscopic or macroscopic setae, 

 tapering hairs, scattered or dense, often forming pencils (Many 

 Bomhyces^ Zygaenidae^ Nocfiiohoitibgces^ Ajjatelae). 



2. Glandular hairs, truncate, spindle-shaped or forked at the 

 end and secreting a more or less viscid fluid (Many in stage I 

 and II of Notodontians^ many huiterpg-Iarvae and in the last 

 stages of Pterophoridae). 



3. Long, spindle-shaped hairs of Apatelodes^ Apatela americana^ 

 and the European TinoUus ebunieigutta Walk. 



4. Flattened, triangular hairs in the tufts or on the sides of 

 the body of Gastrop)acha awerieana^ or flattened, spindle-shaped 

 scales in the European G. quercifolia. 



5. Spinulated or barbed hairs. Most Glaucopides^ etc Ardians^ 

 Lifhosians and Liparidae and many other Bouibgces. 



C. Pseu(lo-tul)ercIes. 



1. The filamental anal legs (stemapoda) of Centra and Hefero- 

 canipa mortliesia. 



2. The long suranal spine of Platgptericidae.'''' 



Packard's view on the origin of these different forms is the 

 following (1890 1. c p. 560): 



1. The more prominent tubercles and spines or bristles arising 



