293 



Dyar Ta, Ib, TIa, ITb, TFT, IV, V, and VI. 



O. HoFMANN I, II, III, IV, V, and VI. 



IIOFMANN considers the setao called by Dyar III and V to be 

 sec'ondary or subprimary ones. 



The setae I — IV are usually arranged more or less in a straight 

 line. On PI. X, fig-. 8 I liave indicated the place of the secon- 

 dary setae by an *, in O. Hofmann's fignre of Taeniocaiiijxi, 

 gothica L. (1. c. fig.- 2, p. 129). 



Froni a comparison of fig. 7 and 8 we see what a confusion 

 of numbers has been produced here. 



In Beutenmuller's monograph on the Sesiidne (1900), Dyar 

 described the caterpillars and here still used his old system. In 

 the many descriptions, given by Dyar, attention must always be 

 paid to the year of publication. In 1901 he proposed to call III 

 and V on the thorax, which HoFMANN considered to be secondary 

 setae, Ya and Yh (these notations I have also used in fig. 8), 

 whereby at the same time VI of the abdomen became Yb and 

 VII became VI. 



QuAiL (1900) usually speaks of Dyar's setae I and II as 

 trapezoidal tuberdes^ in the same way as Hofmann had done 

 before. For the rest he uses names for the setae: supraspiracular, 

 subspiracular, basal setae. For his description of the HepiaUdae 

 see chapter VI. In 1904 he laid stress on the study of the first 

 larval stage. In that year Quail described the first instar 

 of Cossiis cossus and compared it with Zeuzera pyrina. Mr. A. Bacot 

 pointed out to him „a minute free spiracular point of very general 

 occurrence on the abdominal segments of lepidopterous larvae" 

 (1. c. p. 95). Quail believes this point to be III B and he 

 sees here already „that the elimination of spiracles probably is 

 the chief cause of the altered positions of the tubercles on thoracic 

 segments". In a second article of the same year (1904&) Quail 

 comes to the conclusion, that II B (of Dyar) on the thorax is not 

 similar to IV on the abdomen, as Dyar and Hofmann take it to 

 be, but that „the homologue of II B of the thorax is a minute 

 anterior supraspiracular tubercle of the abdomen called by me 



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