295 



As „stigma" originally is a grcok word, mucli is to bc said in 

 favour of using- the prepositions epi- and hypo-, instoad of supra-, 

 snb- or infra-. In connection howover with the other terms 

 and with the existing names used by Weismann and Muller, 

 I think that tlie words suprastignial and infrastigmal might 

 be retained. For the connection fonnd by van Bemmelen be- 

 tween the pattern of the pupa and tliat of the hirva see chapter 

 I and VIL 



Tsou (1914) has a very pecnliar way of indicating the setae. 



His groups are: A = anterior, D = dorsal, S = subdorsal, 

 C = circnmstigmatal, L = hiteroventral, P = pseudopodal, M = 

 midventral. Each individual seta of a group is numbered as D, , 

 P4 etc. The setae belonging to the above groups are regarded as 

 priniary setae. 



In chapter II, I have ah'eady expressed my objections to his 

 method. For the sake of completeness I have copied on PI. X, 

 fig. 14 Tsou's figures of Hepialus humuli^ the metathorax and 

 the first abdominal segment (1. c. PI. X., fig. 1 c. d.). 



Fracker (1915) has examined the setae of the caterpillars on a 

 large scale. As appears from the synopsis given, the confusion in 

 the numbering of the setae had become very serieus. Fracker 

 has therefore rightly feit that he could not once more propose 

 a new indication with the use of numbers. He began to pay 

 attention to a certain segment and tried to find out in how far 

 the same setae ocurred on the same segment of the members of 

 other families of the suborder. This he calls homology. In the 

 second place he tried to compare the different segments of one 

 Caterpillar with each other and this he calls homotypy. 



The use of this term might give rise to confusion. 



In the widely spread "Lehrbuch der Zoölogie von Claus- 

 Grobben" 2nJ edition (1910, on p. 12) is given: 

 Homologous: = morphologically equivalent. 



Hoinodijnamous = homologous organs, which repeat themselves 

 in the longitudinal axis of the animal (e. g. verte- 

 brae, pairs of legs of the Arthropoda etc). 



