349 



SiiiiniKd'ii. 



Til instar / distinct, l)lack vcrrucae occur, most of thoiii 

 with tliree or foiir sctae, sonio of the tubercles bear ono scta 

 and are probably already reduced , as they sometimes havo two 

 setae. ïhe pattern on the abdomen agrees with type I, on the 

 thorax with type II. 



In instar // we see the secondary setae, and the verrucae are 

 partially dissolved, but they are still visible. This is the case during 

 all the instars of the caterpillars. The primary setae grow very 

 little, the secondary do not grow at all, except on the abdo- 

 niinal legs. 



The caudal horn is formed by the left and right t\ dorsalcs 

 of segment 8. 



Family Brahmaeidae. 



Packard (1905, p. 43) thinks that this family is the most 

 specialized of the SYMBOMBYCINA. They have in instar / 

 multisetose warts, wliich they lose after the first moult, as is 

 clearly seen in B. japonka. Packard (1915, PI. XXXIV). 



In the first instars there is a caudal horn, which later on dis- 

 appears. I had no material for investigation. 



According to Packard (1893, 1905) the families we dis- 

 cussed just now have descended from the hairy Kotodontidae, in 

 particular from the Icldlujar'mae and Apntelodinae. Packard says 

 that in the first instar they all have warts which in a few cases 

 they retain, but nearly always lose after instar I. They also 

 agree in the pupae and imagines. ' 



If this view is right, we have here a case of the development 

 of setae into verrucae wliich, h o we ver, are soon supplanted by 

 secondary setae. These can be very long {Lasiocampidaé) but also 

 very short. {Bonihycidae). 



As in the other group, the SYSSPHINGINA, a caudal horn is 

 developed on segment 8, but here it is soft and fleshy. And as 

 in the last mentioned group, this horn may disappear again, as is 

 the case with the BraJtniaeidae. 



