a79 



the scoli ai'O formed froin sccondary setao, placod bctwecn tho 

 primary ones (c. f, Cliapt. II and my PI. I, üg. 1). 



For this large group I refer to Weismann's studies (1870) and 

 to AV. Muller (1886). \Ylierc this family is concerned, Fracker 

 (1915) foUows W. Muller, but thinks that the expressions medio- 

 dorsal, subdorsal etc. can bc applied exclusively to "secondary" 

 scoli and even then only when they are placed in one transverse 

 roAv. This clashes with Müller's own ideas (1. c. p. 250). 



ïhe pattern of the primary setae is Type I on tlie abdonicn, 

 Type II on the thorax. I was only able to examine Vane>>m 

 tirticae in instar I. This specimen already possesses scoli and 

 secondary setae. 



As I have cited in Chapt. II Müller's ideas on the Nijm- 

 phalidae^ I do not describe this caterpillar any further, but refer 

 to PI. XIY, fig. 14, 15, where instar / and abdominal segment 5 of 

 the fuU-grown caterpillar are figured. I would rather draw 

 attention to the pattern of the pupa which van Bemmelen 

 (1912) described. There is a small spine on the place of ó'c. (fersff/w, 

 and pigmental spots agreeing with se. dorsolateralis (which is not 

 developed on the abdomen of the caterpillar) se. siqjrastü/itialis^ 

 SC. infrastiginalis, se. hasalis, se. peduUs. 



Family Papilionidae. 



In 1884 Gruber described the larvae of the Swallowtail 

 butterflies, instar /. To this paper too little attention has been 

 paid by Schulze (1912), Fracker (1915) and others. 



Gruber had a complete material of Papilio (fsterias^ P. tHrnns, 

 P. froiltis, P. ajax, P. phllenor at his disposal. All these cater- 

 pillars agree with each other in the fact that during instar I they 

 possess verrucae witli many setae, which in P. ajax are bifurcated, 

 but in the others terminate in a knob. In P. phUenor the tubercles 

 bear only one seta. 



During the ontogenesis these verrucae become smaller and at 

 last are replaced by colour-spots, as can be distinctly seen in 

 P. asterias. As far as I am able to see the arrangement on the 



