380 



abdonieii is: r.dorsalifi sinall, v. snhdofsa/is \argt', r. sn/jrastüj mails, 

 V. infrastigmalis very large, v. dorsaUs. The arrangement on the 

 thorax is not distinct. Vernica suhdorsaUs maintains itself longer 

 tlian the rest and this pattern reminds us of that of the Lijnimitridae. 



W. Muller (1886) is of opinion that the hairs of these Prc^>///o- 

 nidae may be considered as primary. 



Piepers (1888) examined several Javanese Papilionidae. He 

 says of Papilio agamemnon amongst others that in the beginning 

 it has bifurcated hairs which have disappeared before the first 

 nioult. He thinks that they are bitten off by the caterpillars 

 themselves. 



Chapman (1895, p. 88) says: "The young larva of Fapilio 

 machaon seems obvioiisly reminescent of an adult F«??essa-larva. 

 Yet it is certain that, whether Vanessa be or not be derived from 

 a Pajulio-Yike form, nor is there any probability that any adult 

 Paj)iI/o-\iiY\a ever was spinous in precisely that manner. The 

 spines are a special development of the young P (qnli o -larxa, for 

 protective objects affecting itself. They have not been derived 

 from spinous full-grown Larvae amongst their ancestors, and are 

 not passcd on to the present adult larva, because it does not 

 require them. The processus on the adult larva of Ornithoptcra 

 may be derived from the spines of the first stage and are not 

 ancestral to those of the young Machaon.'''' 



Fracker (1915) does not seeni to know this. He only says on 

 p. 138: "No unpleasant spines ot horns are present to discourage 

 the observer and no discordant colors to ottend him.'' 



Sciiulze (1912) discusses the Osmateria (Nackelgabel) and says 

 they are derived from "dorsal protuberances". He points out the 

 meaning of the ellipsoid glands as secretory organs, and thinks 

 that they have no use in dispersing the Ichnetunonidae. 



ScricuiNs tidamon Don., Coll. Kall., is covered with secondary setae 

 which however are absent round many verrucae. Plate XIY, fig. 14. 

 The back part of tho body has been a little damaged, so that 

 I was not abU' to cxaniine tho anal segments. There are: 



