392 



s. siijn'astigmalis. S. sithdorxalis suj). and /»/., as well as s. post- 

 stigmalis might perhaps be derived f'rom the last row. Siich an 

 explanation seems to me a little farfetched ; besides the anato- 

 mical differences between the Hymenoptera and the Lepidoptera 

 are too great to accept such a near relationship between these 

 orders. Neither do tlie palaeontological data harmonize with 

 Dyar's opinion. 



At present several writers defend a nearer relationship of the 

 Lepidoptera with the Neuroptera^ amongst others Chapman (1896) 

 and DE Meyere (1916). With Handlirscii, I believe that tho 

 palaeontological data do not agree with this hypothesis. T could 

 not gei any proper data about the larvae of the NeNroj)feni. 

 According to the fignres in the manuals the larvae have very 

 different forms; sonie are naked, others are covered with long 

 setae. The arrangement also seems to be very different (Oudemans 

 1897, p. 317—323). 



The figures of the TrirJioptcra., the caddice worms, are much 

 better. Siltala (1907) studied them accurately. In this order 

 also there appears a secondary augmentation of the setae during 

 the ontogenesis. In the first instar the setae of the larvae are 

 only very sparse. He could not find an agreement with the setal 

 pattern of the Lepido[)i('ra and by studying his figures I came 

 to the same conohision. Tlie pupae are sometimes also covered 

 with setae and some larvae (e. g. Hi/dropsz/chc) bear verrucae, 

 though mostly simple setae. 



As the TrichopteyoHs larvae have certainly undergone profound 

 secondary modifications, I think tliat too much value must not 

 be attached to tho arrangement and form of their setae, though 

 they belong to the Fanorpoidea and though Chapman (1896 e) 

 associates tlre PJtri/(janeidae and the Micropteri/gidae together. 



Although l do not believe that the Coleoptem and the Lepido- 

 ptera are closely related, I still think it necessary for the sake 

 of completeness to C()nn)are the setal pattern of Lcjitinotan^a 

 with that of the Lepidoptera. 



The classical investigations by Tower (1906) Iiavo drawn great 



