893 



attentioii to tliis goniis, and froin liis very accurate figuros it is 

 easy to study the pattcrii. Tower distinguishes two rows of' spots 

 on the abdominal segments, the anterior and posterior band of' 

 tcrgal spots, each consisting of three spots, placod in a vertical 

 row, namely the inner, middle, and outer tergals. Behind them 

 comes the spiracular spot and then the basopleural one. Ventral 

 of these are placed two rows each consisting of three spots, the 

 outer, middle and inner sternal spots. 



On the mesothorax and metathorax these spots are partly united, 

 and in the position of the spiracular spot there is a wing-spot. 

 The prothorax differs a great deal and possesses a prothoracic 

 shield, with an anterior and a posterior pronotal band. 



I think it an important fact- that in these Coleoptera two 

 rows of three spots occur above the stigma. The Tenthredinidae, 

 which are certainly not so closely related, have three rows, each 

 consisting of three setae; on the Panorpata one row of three is 

 found and on the Lepidopfera I think that the row above the 

 stigma also cousists of three, including the s. dorsolateralis. 



In this connection the spot on the pupae agreeing with the 

 seta dorsolateralis acquires a greater importance. 



It seems to me that these three spots or setae, placed in a 

 vertical row, have been acquired in very remote periods and that 

 the meso- and metathorax, though they have suffered profound 

 secondary modifications, have best preserved them. 



De Meijere (1916) recently published an interesting study on 

 the wing-markings of Diptera and Lepidoptera. He has also made 

 a study of the larval pattern. His paper reached me too late to 

 consider it in dealing with the different species, and therefore 

 I may quote his main result here. 



On p. 63, the author says, that it seems to him as if, when 

 a depositing of pigment has become physiologically necessary, it 

 is indifferent where that process takes place. It is only restricted 

 to the sixteen places or patterns given by him. I cannot agree 

 with this in so far as the larval and pupal body are concerned. 



When he says p. 64 that in one and the same family the 



