400 



ïhere is very often a s. dorsolaferalis on the abdomen. 



Of the so-called Micro's the PYRALOIDEA dififer from the others 

 by a slightly altered arrangement of the setae and by the for- 

 mation of verrucae. 



The BOMBYCES seem to be descended from forms with mono- 

 setal tubercula whicli are developed into verrucae. In tlie more 

 specialized families these verrucae disappear and they are only 

 distinct during instar I. A reduction of the number of setae is 

 often to be found. 



The Noctuidae too originally possess monosetal tubercula which 

 are transformed into verrucae and afterwards are again reduced 

 to simple setae. 



The Sphimiidm' i. a. differ by tlie presence of a s. prostigitialis 

 and the absence of s. /xjststigmalis on the abdomen. 



The BHOPALOCERA in so far agree with eaoh other that the 

 primitive setal pattern becomes supplanted during the ontogenesis 

 by anothei' arrangement of the setae. On the pupa, however, 

 type I appoars again. The presence of verrucae during instar I 

 of the P((/)iU<)ni(la(' can be explained as a last remnant of the 

 derinal armature they formerly possessed. 



A comparison with the rest of the orders of iusects did not yield 

 many results. T could find however an indication of a general 

 groundform which consisted in an arrangement of the setae in 

 rows of each three on either side (Chapter VII). 



I have the impression, that it is under Eimer's (1874, 1889) 

 infiuence that Weismann (1876) came to attaeh such a par- 

 ticular value to the stripes. Later on Escherich (1892) and 

 ScHRüDER (1894) advocated the same hypothesis. In opposition 

 to it J. F. VAN Bemmelen (1889 sqq.) tried to introducé his 

 opinion, that iiot stripes but spots compose the primary pattern. 

 J. BOTKE (191C) in his studies comes to conclusions which in the 

 main agree with this opinion. De Meijere (1916) comes to the same 

 conclusion. .1. II. Kruimel also rejects Eimer's hypothesis, after 

 his study of tlu' feathers of the Gallinae (1916). Tower (1906, 

 p. 226) says "in ontogeny and in evolution (species foundation) 



