PuiiNELL. — The Animal and Human Mind compared. 71 



our storms arise, what is their motive-force, and what circum- 

 stances govern their direction and rate of progress. But m 

 this, as in all true science, our knowledge must be based on 

 long-continued, careful observation and comparison of facts. 



Some of these facts I have endeavoured to bring before 

 you this evening. My own study of them has given me great 

 interest and pleasure, and I hope that in some small degree 

 I may have been able to communicate to you some of that 

 interest and pleasure. 



The charts exhibited were those extending from the 23rd 

 December, 1895, to the 9th January, 1896, showing a typical 

 summer storm, which first appeared in the Great Australian 

 Bisht on the 23rd December, and the progress eastv*'ard of 

 which was traced day by day until it reached New Zealand on 

 the 3rd January, when for four days a north-westerly gale 

 prevailed, followed by a day of moderating west-by-north wind ; 

 then, on the 8th, southerly squalls ; and on the 9th the storm 

 had passed, and fine weather, with southerly breeze, pre- 

 vailed. The charts showing the rise, progress westward, and 

 termination of a tropical storm between New Caledonia and 

 North Queensland were also exhibited. 



New Zealand winter storms were illustrated by a series of 

 charts extending from the 13th June to the 13th July, during 

 which period five storms passed over New Zealand, some of 

 them south of the South Island, some through Cook Strait, 

 and one in a completely-closed circuit passing north of New 

 Zealand ; all having been traced from their first appearance 

 near Cape Leuwin. In some cases succeeding storms over- 

 took and became blended with the preceding storms. 



Examples were also shown of various other storms in which 

 the southern portion of the circuit, with its easterly winds, 

 was more or less completely exhibited near New Zealand. 



Aet. IV. — A Comparison between the Animal Mind and the 

 Human Mind. 



By Chaeles W. Puenell. 



[Read before the Philosophical Institute of Canterbury, 4th November, 



1896.] 



In order to form anything like a definite notion of the animal 

 mind, we must, so to speak, begin at the beginning. We 

 must look back to the days when animal life originally ap- 

 peared upon the earth, and consider what were the probable 

 mental powers of the first animal, or the first set of animals, 



