Faiiquhak. — Blpolarity of Littoral Marine Faunas. 133 



M. malusii, Mucronella variolosa, Retepora cdlulosa, Memhrani- 

 porella nitida, Hippothoa flagellum, Schizoporella hyalina, Crisia 

 denticulata var., Idmonea serpens. Entalophora raripora, and 

 Diastopora patina. I have obtained these names by comparing 

 Hutton's revised list of New Zealand species (Trans. N.Z. Inst., 

 xxiii, 102) with Miss Jelly's " Synonymic Catalogue," assuming 

 that those with a reference to Hinck's " British Marine Polyzoa," 

 Fleming's " British Animals," or Johnston's " British Zoophytes " 

 are European forms. Some of them are probably cosmopolitan. 

 Tenison- Woods described a fossil bryozoan, Fasciculipora ra- 

 mosa, from New Zealand Tertiary beds so nearly allied to a 

 species from the Lower Pliocene of Europe that if it had been 

 found in the same locality it would have been regarded as a 

 mere variety (" Palaeontology of New Zealand," pt. iv, p. 31). 

 Smittia landsborovi occurs in the Arctic Ocean, European Seas, 

 and the Antarctic of? Cape Adair. 



Our marine crustacean fauna has evidently a considerable 

 amount of affinity with that of northern Europe. Myers, in the 

 introduction to his " Catalogue of New Zealand Crustacea " 

 (1876), says, "The remarkable resemblance between the carcino- 

 logical fauna of New Zealand and that of Great Britain has been 

 adverted to by Dana and other authors, and is sufficiently 

 striking." This generalisation was quoted by Dr. Chilton in 

 his presidential address to the Philosophical Institute of Canter- 

 bury, 1904, on " Arctic and Antarctic Faunas," which has not 

 been published. Nearly all the species of the genus Gnatkia are 

 European, and one species, G. polaris, occurs in the Antarctic 

 off Cape Adair. I hope Dr. Chilton will presently give us an 

 account of the New Zealand species which are identical with 

 and nearly related to northern forms, as he and Mr. G. M. 

 Thomson have worked up this group. The character and 

 affinities of our terrestrial Crustacea are extremely interesting. 

 Mr. Thomson kindly gave me an account of these some time 

 back, which I embodied in a continuation of my paper on 

 " The New Zealand Zoological Region " {Nature, vol. Ixi, p. 246). 

 This continuation was never published, and unfortunately both 

 Mr. Thomson's and my own notes were lost in the confusion of 

 changing residence from Wellington to Auckland and then back 

 to Wellington again. 



The following list of marine Mollusca which occur in New 

 Zealand and the north temperate region has been kindly fur- 

 nished to me by Mr. H. Suter : Crepidula crepidida, Mediterran- 

 ean, Atlantic ; Tritonium costatum, Mediterranean, West Indies, 

 Africa, Brazil ; Tritonium rubicundum, Great Britain, Mediter- 

 ranean, India to Japan ; Venericardia corhis, Mediterranean, 

 Pliocene fossil in Italy ; Trivia europcjea, Kellia suborbicidaris. 



